An AIE-active type I photosensitizer based on <i>N,N</i>′-diphenyl-dihydrophenazine for high-performance photodynamic therapy under hypoxia

Li, Sifan; Jin, Xin; Zhang, Zhiyun; Li, Jingchao; Hua, Jianli

doi:10.1039/d3qm00215b

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…21 Besides, in our previous studies, DHP-based cyanine dyes showed promising results for an AIE-active type I photosensitizer. 22 However, the construction of D–A structure photosensitizers by combining DHP as a strong electron-donating unit (D) with electron acceptors (A) has not been studied systematically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating donor configuration to develop AIE-active type I photosensitizers for lipid droplet imaging and high-performance photodynamic therapy under hypoxia

Xu,

Jin,

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. B

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating donor configuration to develop AIE-active type I photosensitizers for lipid droplet imaging and high-performance photodynamic therapy under hypoxia

Xu,

Jin,

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. B

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Red/NIR emissive aggregation‐induced emission‐active photosensitizers with strong donor–acceptor strength for image‐guided photodynamic therapy of cancer

Ma,

Yin,

et al. 2023

Luminescence

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Light‐mediated therapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered as emerging cancer treatment strategies. However, there are still lots of defect with common photosensitizers (PSs), such as short emission wavelength, week photostability, poor cell permeability and low PDT efficiency. Therefore, it is very important to develop high‐performance PSs. Recently, luminogens with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics and Red/near‐infrared (NIR) emissive have been reported as promising PSs for image‐guided cancer therapy, due to prevent autofluorescence in physiological environments, their enhanced fluorescence in the aggregated state and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, we developed PSs named TBTCPM and MTBTCPM with donor‐acceptor (D‐A) structures, strong Red/near intra‐red (NIR), excellent targeting specificities to good cell permeability and high photostability. Interestingly, both of them can efficiently generate reactive oxygen species under white light irradiation and possess excellent killing effect on cancer cells. This study, thus, not only demonstrates applications in cell image‐guided PDT cancer therapy performances. but also provide strategy for construction of AIEgens with long emission wavelengths.

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Recent advances in aggregation‐induced emission–active type I photosensitizers with near‐infrared fluorescence: From materials design to therapeutic platform fabrication

Xie,

Li,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Luminescence

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Near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging–guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) technology plays an important role in treating various diseases and still attracts increasing research interests for developing novel photosensitizers (PSs) with outstanding performances. Conventional PSs such as porphyrin and rhodamine derivatives have easy self‐aggregation properties in the physiological environment due to their inherent hydrophobic nature caused by their rigid molecular structure that induces strong intermolecular stacking π–π interaction, leading to serious fluorescence quenching and cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction. Meanwhile, hypoxia is an inherent barrier in the microenvironment of solid tumors, seriously restricting the therapeutic outcome of conventional PDT. Aforementioned disadvantages should be overcome urgently to enhance the therapeutic effect of PSs. Novel NIR fluorescence–guided type I PSs with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), which features the advantages of improving fluorescent intensity and ROS generation efficiency at aggregation as well as outstanding oxygen tolerance, bring hope for resolving aforementioned problems simultaneously. At present, plenty of research works fully demonstrates the advancement of AIE‐active PDT based on type I PSs. In this review, cutting‐edge advances focusing on AIE‐active NIR type I PSs that include the aspects of the photochemical mechanism of type I ROS generation, various molecular structures of reported type I PSs with NIR fluorescence and their design strategies, and typical anticancer applications are summarized. Finally, a brief conclusion is obtained, and the underlying challenges and prospects of AIE‐active type I PSs are proposed.

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An AIE-active type I photosensitizer based on N,N′-diphenyl-dihydrophenazine for high-performance photodynamic therapy under hypoxia

Abstract: Type Ⅰ PDT has been demonstrated to be superior over type Ⅱ PDT due to its better hypoxia tolerance. Nowadays, photosensitizers (PSs) featuring type Ⅰ active free radicals (O2-·, ·OH)...

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Regulating donor configuration to develop AIE-active type I photosensitizers for lipid droplet imaging and high-performance photodynamic therapy under hypoxia

Regulating donor configuration to develop AIE-active type I photosensitizers for lipid droplet imaging and high-performance photodynamic therapy under hypoxia

Red/NIR emissive aggregation‐induced emission‐active photosensitizers with strong donor–acceptor strength for image‐guided photodynamic therapy of cancer

Recent advances in aggregation‐induced emission–active type I photosensitizers with near‐infrared fluorescence: From materials design to therapeutic platform fabrication

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