An Agroecologically-Oriented Introduction of Cassava Germplasm From Latin America Into Africa

Porto, M. C. M.; Asiedu, Robert; Dixon, A.; Hahn, S. K.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1994.380.19

Cited by 7 publications

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“…Breeders rely on repeated intercrossing of adapted elite materials to improve quantitative traits. All these factors lead the crop to having a narrow genetic base with elite clones sharing a similar pedigree, as in the 1990s in Africa (Miller and Tanksley, 1990; Porto et al, 1994).…”

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Marker‐Assisted Introgression of Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease into Latin American Germplasm for the Genetic Improvement of Cassava in Africa

et al. 2007

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The gene pools for breeding cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Africa currently contain only a fraction of the existing genetic variation found in Latin America where the crop originates. Our research aimed to broaden the genetic base in Africa by introducing Latin American (LA) germplasm. The first set of introductions comprised sexual seeds that led to the evaluation of 20,032 seedlings in Nigeria between 1990 and 1994. A second set comprised in vitro cultures, where the dominant CMD2 gene for cassava mosaic disease (CMD) resistance was introgressed into LA germplasm through marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Through MAS 156 genotypes were preselected for the gene and evaluated in Nigeria between 2004 and 2006. Initial results from the first set of introductions indicated that LA germplasm was highly susceptible to CMD, minimizing its usefulness in African cassava‐breeding programs. In the second set of introductions from LA, introgression of the CMD2 gene resulted in high CMD resistance under African field conditions. Now at advanced stages in the African breeding program, 14 genotypes combining CMD resistance and high yield are being evaluated. Marker‐assisted introgression of CMD resistance into LA germplasm has improved the potential value of LA germplasm for Africa and enhanced the prospect of elite LA genotypes being released as improved varieties in Africa.

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“…Exotic germplasm were introduced from CIAT into Africa and integrated within IITA's breeding scheme. The introduced germplasm were derived from elite crosses from Latin America (Porto et al, 1994). Initial results indicated that LA germplasm was susceptible to cassava mosaic disease (CMD), the most widespread cassava disease of economic importance in Africa.…”

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Marker‐Assisted Introgression of Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease into Latin American Germplasm for the Genetic Improvement of Cassava in Africa

et al. 2007

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“…The studies at the International Tropical Agriculture Center (CIAT) and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), in partnership with the National Centers (Dixon et Crop Breeding andApplied Biotechnology, v. 2, n. 4, p. 617-638, 2002 al., 1994;Porto et al, 1994), led to the regional and global development as well as exchange of cassava germplasm collections and to the integration with other breeding programs. The successful release and adoption of bred cassava varieties had a major impact in Asia (Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam), where the development of cassava cultivation has been stimulated by a dynamic processing sector (Kawano et al, 1998).…”

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Cassava Breeding

Fukuda¹,

Silva²,

Iglesias³

2002

CBAB

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The main factors concerned with cassava breeding are described, such as origin and domestication, botanic classification and relationship with other species, reproduction mode and floral biology, factors that influence flowering, factors that affect hybridization and seed production, genetics and cytogenetics, qualitative trait heredity, selection criteria for yield, hybridization techniques, general and specific breeding objectives, breeding methods, diffusion of new varieties, current state of breeding, main results and impacts, the future of breeding and cultivars recommended in Brazil. The main results obtained at the national and international level in the areas of germplasm and cassava genetic improvement are presented. A list is included with the description of the cultivars for the Northern, Northeastern, Southeastern, Central-Western and Southern regions of Brazil.

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“…This is now being done to ensure that African sources of resistance to CMGs are available in South/Central America for use in resistance breeding programmes, should the need arise. There have also been extensive introductions of seed from South America for evaluation in Nigeria (Porto et al 1994). They include hybrids between South American and African genotypes.…”

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The Impact of Plant Virus Diseases in Developing Countries

Thresh

2003

Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries

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An Agroecologically-Oriented Introduction of Cassava Germplasm From Latin America Into Africa

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Marker‐Assisted Introgression of Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease into Latin American Germplasm for the Genetic Improvement of Cassava in Africa

Marker‐Assisted Introgression of Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease into Latin American Germplasm for the Genetic Improvement of Cassava in Africa

Cassava Breeding

The Impact of Plant Virus Diseases in Developing Countries

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