An aggressive central giant cell granuloma of maxilla: Diagnostic dilemma, Precise differential diagnosis and successful traditional surgical approach: A case report

Abstract

Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) is a benign, proliferative, intraosseous and nonodontogenic lesion of unknown etiology accounting for approximately 10% of all benign lesions of the jawbones. Lesion usually occurs in patients younger than 30 years, is more common in females than males, and is more common in mandible than maxilla. The clinical feature of CGCG ranges from a slow growing asymptomatic swelling to a rapidly enlarging aggressive lesion. CGCG of the jaws are histologically benign lesions characterized by the presence of giant cells in the richly vascularized stroma of the spindle cells. Differential diagnosis should be performed with other lesions that have multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). Definitive diagnosis relies on correct interpretation of clinical, radiographical and histopathological data. The treatment of CGCG ranges from curettage to resection. Alternative treatments are worthy of consideration, although surgical excision remains the treatment of choice. The aim of this presented case highlights a diagnostic challenge of an aggressive CGCG arising from the maxilla and to discuss a precise differential diagnosis, as well as the surgical approach and follow up which is decisive for successful conventional surgical treatment with no lesion recurrence.