An aggregate model of plug-in electric vehicles for primary frequency control

Izadkhast, Seyedmahdi; Garcı́a-González, P.; Frías, Pablo

doi:10.1109/pesgm.2016.7741672

Cited by 33 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…12 Recent years, several researchers utilize V2G to participate primary frequency regulation. 13,14 Although these studies have been devoted to estimating the impact of proposed V2G control on primary frequency response performance in power system, less attention has been paid to maintaining state of charge (SOC) at a certain level. Autonomous distributed V2G control developed in other studies [15][16][17] supplies a distributed spinning reserve according to the frequency deviation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated optimization of vehicle-to-grid control and load frequency control by considering statistical properties of active power imbalance

Yang

Dong

et al. 2018

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary The significantly increased penetration level of electric vehicles (EVs) that causes a great challenge for the vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) system and power system influences the performance of the systems. To achieve some good performance of the V2G and power system, this paper proposes a co‐optimizing method based on the operation of V2G control and load frequency control (LFC). Compared with the existed results, the proposed method that deals with dead bands and statistical properties of power imbalance in power system establishes a model of two‐area V2G system containing the nonlinear features in the beginning. Based on the proposed model, the composition of power imbalance is analyzed, while the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) is employed to obtain active power imbalance scenarios caused by the probability distribution of load disturbance and renewable energy source in each area. Because the active power imbalance scenarios are considered and the cost function is constructed by the integration of integral time multiply absolute error (ITAE), the droop coefficients of V2G control and proportional‐integral (PI) controllers of LFC that are co‐optimized simultaneously maintain the demand of holding state of charge (SOC) from EV owners and frequency regulation of V2G system. Finally, simulation results show the validity and advantage of the proposed method.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated optimization of vehicle-to-grid control and load frequency control by considering statistical properties of active power imbalance

Yang

Dong

et al. 2018

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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“…So this conventional sources need an additional energy source with immediate response to discharge or store the energy. The quick reaction of PHEVs makes it a significant alternative [25]. Figure 3 depicts the mathematical model of PHEV aggregator.…”

Section: Phevsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the EVs are disconnected from aggregator, K EV, i = 0. Detailed information regarding the aggregated PHEV model and participation factors is available in [25]. Δ P PHEV represents the change in output power of PHEV aggregator.…”

Section: Phevsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust frequency control in a renewable penetrated power system: an adaptive fractional order-fuzzy approach

Annamraju

Nandiraju

2019

Prot Control Mod Power Syst

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Purpose: Load frequency control (LFC) in today's modern power system is getting complex, due to intermittency in the output power of renewable energy sources along with substantial changes in the system parameters and loads. To address this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive fractional order (FO)-fuzzy-PID controller for LFC of a renewable penetrated power system. Design/methodology/approach: To examine the performance of the proposed adaptive FO-fuzzy-PID controller, four different types of controllers that includes optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, optimal fractional order (FO)-PID controller, optimal fuzzy PID controller, optimal FO-fuzzy PID controller are compared with the proposed approach. The dynamic response of the system relies upon the parameters of these controllers, which are optimized by using teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The simulations are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Findings: The simulation outcomes reveal the supremacy of the proposed approach in dynamic performance improvement (in terms of settling time, overshoot and error reduction) over other controllers in the literature under different scenarios. Originality/value: In this paper, an adaptive FO-fuzzy-PID controller is proposed for LFC of a renewable penetrated power system. The main contribution of this work is, a maiden application has been made to tune all the possible parameters of fuzzy controller and FO-PID controller simultaneously to handle the uncertainties caused by renewable sources, load and parametric variations.

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“…One such source of power generation is solar power which is trapped through the idea of Dish-Stirling solar thermal system, which is presented by the authors in [8][9][10]. Utilization of EVs for LFC in an interconnected power system has been done and available in many recent literatures [12][13][14]. But, the researchers have not studied the impact of incorporating both RES and EVs in a system, and hence, it provides a scope for further studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Frequency Regulation of Multi-area Interconnected Hybrid Power System with Electric Vehicle

Gaur¹,

Soren²,

Bhowmik³

2018

IJEEI

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In modern power system, plugged in electric vehicle plays a very vital role in regulation of system frequency as it is a form of battery energy storage system. This paper presents an aggregate model consisting of a three area system embedded with electric vehicle (EV) in all the three control areas along with Dish-Stirling solar thermal system (DSTS) in only Area-1. The thermal systems are provided with single reheat turbine, governor dead band and generation rate constraint of 3% per minute to give a more realistic view to the designed system. Two degree of freedom Proportional-Integral-Derivative (2DOF-PID) controller with filter is applied as secondary controller in all the three control areas. Maiden application of a new nature inspired optimization technique called Wind Driven Optimization technique in load frequency control is made in this paper. A comparison is done between 2DOF-PID and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller to verify the effectiveness of the former. Analysis reveals the advantage of including DSTS in the aggregate model which proves the role of renewable energy sources in overcoming the fluctuations in frequency and tie-line power in a power system under both nominal 1% step load perturbation and random load perturbation. An attempt has also been made to show the impact of incorporating EVs under nominal system condition into the system, and it has been observed that the number and magnitude of oscillations are decreased to great extent with its incorporation.

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An aggregate model of plug-in electric vehicles for primary frequency control

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Coordinated optimization of vehicle-to-grid control and load frequency control by considering statistical properties of active power imbalance

Coordinated optimization of vehicle-to-grid control and load frequency control by considering statistical properties of active power imbalance

Robust frequency control in a renewable penetrated power system: an adaptive fractional order-fuzzy approach

Secondary Frequency Regulation of Multi-area Interconnected Hybrid Power System with Electric Vehicle

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