An agent based synchronization scheme for multimedia applications

Multimedia group and inter-stream synchronization techniques: A comparative study

“…Manvi and Venkataram [9], present an inter-stream synchronization classification with three types: point, real-time continuous and adaptive synchronization. Point synchronization realizes that the start/completion time of the MDUs of the streams is synchronized with a certain specified synchronization point between the streams.…”

“…The maintenance of temporal relationships within a stream or among the multimedia streams usually depends on the following parameters, which can be tackled either individually or in an integrated manner [9]:…”

“…Over the last few years, new techniques have been developed to improve synchronization in multimedia systems, such as fixed and mobile agent-based techniques [9,18] and aspect-oriented programming-based techniques [19].…”

“…The initial playout instant calculation technique has been used in [2,8,9,12-14,26,29-31, 57-59,62,89]. The initial transmission instant calculation technique has been used in [2,8,9,25,29,[32][33][34]39,40,47,[57][58][59]62]. The source can also use a technique based on interleaving MDUs of different media streams in only one transport stream (as in [73,74]).…”

“…In our comparative study, we have also included solutions for communications for 1:n and n:m communication and added new inter-stream synchronization solutions (previous (not considered in [22]) and later ones), such as those presented in [8,[24][25][26][27][28][29]30,31] (some of them developed by the authors of this paper) [2,3,5,9,[10][11][12][13][14][15]19,; and new versions of algorithms included in the original comparative survey, such as the ones in [5,38,69,[70][71][72][73][74][75]. For example, in [69,72], the synchronization maestro scheme (SMS) for group synchronization, employed together with the virtual time rendering (VTR) media synchronization algorithm [76] has been enhanced so that the SMS scheme can be used efficiently in a P2P-based system and in a networked realtime game with collaborative work, respectively.…”