An Agent-based Model for Earthquake Pedestrians’ Evacuation Simulation in Urban Scenarios

Bernardini, Gabriele; D’Orazio, Marco; Quagliarini, Enrico; Spalazzi, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2014.09.050

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Christensen and Sasaki (2008) focus on an agent-based simulation that considers groups of disabilities: Bottom-Up Modeling of Mass Pedestrian flows-implications for the Effective Egress of individuals with disabilities (BUMMPEE). Various authors extend this model to analyze the effect of disabilities (M. Manley & Kim, 2012), physical fatigue (Koo, Kim, Kim, & Christensen, 2013), and mental condition (Koo, Kim, & Kim, 2014) on an evacuation from a high-rise Bernardini, D'Orazio, Quagliarini, and Spalazzi (2014) study people's behavior during earthquake evacuations. They build an evacuation behavior model based on real behaviors caught on video tape.…”

Section: Agent-based Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative survival principles for underground flooding: Vitae System based multi-agent simulation

Higo

Okada

Hipel

et al. 2017

Expert Systems with Applications

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Section: Agent-based Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative survival principles for underground flooding: Vitae System based multi-agent simulation

Higo

Okada

Hipel

et al. 2017

Expert Systems with Applications

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“…The concept of crowd simulation was already studied in different forms [ 69 , 70 , 71 ]. While there are multiple models to simulate the evacuation of people during hazards, such as wildfires [ 72 , 73 ], earthquakes [ 74 ], and tsunamis [ 75 ], very little research can be found that directly addresses this issue during a pandemic or epidemic [ 76 ]. Therefore, developing such multi-hazard evacuation models is a missing link towards overall community resilience.…”

Section: Multi-hazard Evacuation Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living in a Multi-Risk Chaotic Condition: Pandemic, Natural Hazards and Complex Emergencies

Hariri-Ardebili

2020

IJERPH

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Humans are living in an uncertain world, with daily risks confronting them from various low to high hazard events, and the COVID-19 pandemic has created its own set of unique risks. Not only has it caused a significant number of fatalities, but in combination with other hazard sources, it may pose a considerably higher multi-risk. In this paper, three hazardous events are studied through the lens of a concurring pandemic. Several low-probability high-risk scenarios are developed by the combination of a pandemic situation with a natural hazard (e.g., earthquakes or floods) or a complex emergency situation (e.g., mass protests or military movements). The hybrid impacts of these multi-hazard situations are then qualitatively studied on the healthcare systems, and their functionality loss. The paper also discusses the impact of pandemic’s (long-term) temporal effects on the type and recovery duration from these adverse events. Finally, the concept of escape from a hazard, evacuation, sheltering and their potential conflict during a pandemic and a natural hazard is briefly reviewed. The findings show the cascading effects of these multi-hazard scenarios, which are unseen nearly in all risk legislation. This paper is an attempt to urge funding agencies to provide additional grants for multi-hazard risk research.

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“…According to (Osaragi et al, 2013) the following factors are key to model large scale evacuations following an earthquake: spatiotemporal distribution of people at the time of the earthquake, time at which people start evacuating, decision to head to a temporary refuge location or to the official refuge location and routes that people choose to use (familiar versus safe routes avoiding affected areas). A study of human behaviour during earthquakes, both within structures and outside, (Bernardini et al, 2014) has identified the following behaviours; attraction to safe areas, herding behaviour, attraction between members of the same group, keeping a safe distance from buildings and group formation. They also determined the average speeds and distances between members of the same evacuating group and represented these behaviours in a simulation tool by modifying the social force model (Helbing and Johansson, 2013).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The simulation of urban-scale evacuation scenarios with application to the Swinley forest fire

et al. 2018

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Forest fires are an annual occurrence in many parts of the world forcing large-scale evacuation. The frequent and growing occurrence of these events makes it necessary to develop appropriate evacuation plans for areas that are susceptible to forest fires. The buildingEXODUS evacuation model has been extended to model large-scale urban evacuations by including the road network and open spaces (e.g. parks, green spaces and town squares) along with buildings. The evacuation simulation results have been coupled with the results of a forest fire spread model and applied to the Swinley forest fire which occurred in Berkshire, UK in May 2011. Four evacuation procedures differing in the routes taken by the pedestrians were evaluated providing key evacuation statistics such as time to reach the assembly location, the distance travelled, congestion experienced by the agents and the safety margins associated with using each evacuation route. A key finding of this work is the importance of formulating evacuation procedures that identifies the threatened population, provides timely evacuation notice, identifies appropriate routes that maintains a safe distance from the hazard front thereby maximising safety margins even at the cost of taking longer evacuation routes. Evacuation simulation offers a means of achieving these goals.

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An Agent-based Model for Earthquake Pedestrians’ Evacuation Simulation in Urban Scenarios

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Cooperative survival principles for underground flooding: Vitae System based multi-agent simulation

Cooperative survival principles for underground flooding: Vitae System based multi-agent simulation

Living in a Multi-Risk Chaotic Condition: Pandemic, Natural Hazards and Complex Emergencies

The simulation of urban-scale evacuation scenarios with application to the Swinley forest fire

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