An agenda for UK clinical pharmacology: Pharmacoeconomics

Hughes, Dyfrig

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04247.x

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this field, pharmacists can have a major influence on healthcare decision makers with regard to better allocation of resources and expenditure, so as to optimize population health from the use of medicines. 12 With their unique knowledge of medicines, pharmacists are central figures in decreasing healthcare expenditure through cost savings on medicines and cost avoidance. Cost savings allude to reductions in current spending due to changes in the expense on a patient’s treatment, eg, switching from intravenous to oral therapy where appropriate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the pharmacist in reducing healthcare costs: current insights

Dalton

Byrne

2017

IPRP

317

266

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Global healthcare expenditure is escalating at an unsustainable rate. Money spent on medicines and managing medication-related problems continues to grow. The high prevalence of medication errors and inappropriate prescribing is a major issue within healthcare systems, and can often contribute to adverse drug events, many of which are preventable. As a result, there is a huge opportunity for pharmacists to have a significant impact on reducing healthcare costs, as they have the expertise to detect, resolve, and prevent medication errors and medication-related problems. The development of clinical pharmacy practice in recent decades has resulted in an increased number of pharmacists working in clinically advanced roles worldwide. Pharmacist-provided services and clinical interventions have been shown to reduce the risk of potential adverse drug events and improve patient outcomes, and the majority of published studies show that these pharmacist activities are cost-effective or have a good cost:benefit ratio. This review demonstrates that pharmacists can contribute to substantial healthcare savings across a variety of settings. However, there is a paucity of evidence in the literature highlighting the specific aspects of pharmacists’ work which are the most effective and cost-effective. Future high-quality economic evaluations with robust methodologies and study design are required to investigate what pharmacist services have significant clinical benefits to patients and substantiate the greatest cost savings for healthcare budgets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the pharmacist in reducing healthcare costs: current insights

Dalton

Byrne

2017

IPRP

317

266

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The MBMA utilizes pharmacological models such as the exposure–response relationship to characterize the effect of the drug, dose, study design, and patient covariates on the clinical outcome [ 32 ]. Most PE evaluations (e.g., Markov models) are empirical, obtaining their probabilities of drug efficacy and safety measures from a variety of sources (e.g., randomized trials, systematic reviews, observational studies, real-world data) and do not consider the mechanistic nature inherent of drug action (i.e., pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, disease progression, and real-world scenarios such as adherence) [ 33 ]. Thus, the integration of pharmacometric and PE models provides an opportunity to predict future PE outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating Pharmacometrics into Pharmacoeconomic Models: Applications from Drug Development

et al. 2020

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Pharmacometrics is the science of quantifying the relationship between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in combination with disease models and trial information to aid in drug development and dosing optimization for clinical practice. Considering the variability in the dose–concentration–effect relationship of drugs, an opportunity exists in linking pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model-based estimates with pharmacoeconomic models. This link may provide early estimates of the cost effectiveness of drug therapies, thus informing late-stage drug development, pricing, and reimbursement decisions. Published case studies have demonstrated how integrated pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic–pharmacoeconomic models can complement traditional pharmacoeconomic analyses by identifying the impact of specific patient sub-groups, dose, dosing schedules, and adherence on the cost effectiveness of drugs, thus providing a mechanistic basis to predict the economic value of new drugs. Greater collaboration between the pharmacoeconomics and pharmacometrics community can enable methodological improvements in pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic–pharmacoeconomic models to support drug development.

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“…Research studies have proposed that MMR and HMMR services can also be effective in Jordan . To ensure sustainability, however, it is necessary for health care systems to demonstrate the cost‐effectiveness of their services …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost‐benefit analysis of clinical pharmacist intervention in preventing adverse drug events in the general chronic diseases outpatients

Alqudah

Al‐Badriyeh

Al‐Ali

et al. 2019

Evaluation Clinical Practice

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Rationale, aims, and objectives: Clinical pharmacy services are vital in the prevention of adverse drug events (ADEs) in clinical practice, extending beyond the hospital to chronic disease management in outpatient settings. This study sought to evaluate the cost benefit of a clinical pharmacy intervention in resolving treatment-related problems (TRPs) among hospital outpatients with chronic diseases.Methods: From the hospital system perspective, the cost-benefit analysis was based on a randomized clinical trial in the general outpatients of the major hospital in Jordan. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. TRPs were identified in both study groups, but interventions were delivered only to the intervention group via a home medication management review (HMMR) by a clinical pharmacist. A follow-up in both groups took place 3 months after recruitment. The total economic benefit was the sum of (a) cost savings due to intervention and (b) cost avoidance associated with preventable ADEs. The primary outcome measures were the net benefit and benefit-to-cost ratio with the clinical pharmacist-based HMMR. Results:In both groups, 158 TRPs were identified, and 79 interventions were provided in the study group. The monthly cost of intervention was JD764 (US $1078), and the total monthly benefit was JD4570 (US $6444), leading to a benefit-to-cost ratio of 5.98 and an annual net benefit of JD45 669 (US $64 393). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of results. Conclusion:The RCT-based cost-benefit evaluation provided evidence-based insight into the economic benefit of a clinical pharmacist-provided HMMR for preventing ADEs in the general chronic diseases outpatients. This intervention method against the TRPs among outpatients is cost beneficial and offers substantial cost savings to the health care hospital payer in Jordan.

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An agenda for UK clinical pharmacology: Pharmacoeconomics

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Role of the pharmacist in reducing healthcare costs: current insights

Role of the pharmacist in reducing healthcare costs: current insights

Incorporating Pharmacometrics into Pharmacoeconomic Models: Applications from Drug Development

Cost‐benefit analysis of clinical pharmacist intervention in preventing adverse drug events in the general chronic diseases outpatients

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