An aerosol particle containing enriched uranium encountered in the remote upper troposphere

Murphy, D. M.; Froyd, K. D.; Apel, E. C.; Blake, D. R.; Blake, N. J.; Evangeliou, Nikolaos; Hornbrook, R. S.; Peischl, J.; Ray, E. A.; Ryerson, Thomas B.; Thompson, C. R.; Stohl, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.01.006

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Once adequate compositional statistics are developed as described below, the accumulated data in the four size ranges are mapped onto the independently measured particle size distributions from the AMP instruments (Fig. 3; Froyd et al, 2019;Murphy et al, 2021).…”

Section: Detailed Description Of Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DC-8 aircraft carried a substantial payload of in situ meteorological, gas-phase, and aerosol instruments as well as limited radiation instruments. Measurements included reactive nitrogen compounds, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), photo-products and oxygenated species, tracers, actinic flux, meteorological parameters, and aerosol composition and size distribution (Thompson et al, 2021). This work focuses exclusively on the aerosol observations and also uses measurements of O 3 , CO, pressure, temperature, water vapor, and GPS-derived aircraft location.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5i, j). There are also significant contributions to extinction from dust in the midlatitudes of the Atlantic and in the free troposphere (FT) of the northern Pacific due to dust emitted from Asia and the Sahara (Froyd et al, 2021). There is very little extinction from dust in the Southern Hemisphere at altitudes > 2 km, in sharp contrast with the Northern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Aerosol Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stratosphere was defined as O 3 > 100 ppbv and CO < 100 ppbv in the Southern Hemisphere and O 3 > 300 ppbv and CO < 100 ppbv in the Northern Hemisphere. These definitions were chosen based on the occurrence of a mode of nearly pure sulfuric acid particles and particles with a meteoric core and sulfuric acid coating, indicating that the aircraft was sampling predominantly stratospheric particles (Murphy et al, 2021). The maximum GPS-derived altitude reached by the DC-8 was 13.2 km, and much of the stratospheric air was sampled when the tropopause heights were low in the winter hemisphere or in S1 in the Supplement.…”

Section: Aerosol Characteristics In Different Air Massesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient aerosol properties in the remote atmosphere from global-scale in situ measurements

et al. 2021

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Abstract. In situ measurements of aerosol microphysical, chemical, and optical properties were made during global-scale flights from 2016–2018 as part of the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). The NASA DC-8 aircraft flew from ∼ 84∘ N to ∼ 86∘ S latitude over the Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, and Southern oceans while profiling nearly continuously between altitudes of ∼ 160 m and ∼ 12 km. These global circuits were made once each season. Particle size distributions measured in the aircraft cabin at dry conditions and with an underwing probe at ambient conditions were combined with bulk and single-particle composition observations and measurements of water vapor, pressure, and temperature to estimate aerosol hygroscopicity and hygroscopic growth factors and calculate size distributions at ambient relative humidity. These reconstructed, composition-resolved ambient size distributions were used to estimate intensive and extensive aerosol properties, including single-scatter albedo, the asymmetry parameter, extinction, absorption, Ångström exponents, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) at several wavelengths, as well as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations at fixed supersaturations and lognormal fits to four modes. Dry extinction and absorption were compared with direct in situ measurements, and AOD derived from the extinction profiles was compared with remotely sensed AOD measurements from the ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET); this comparison showed no substantial bias. The purpose of this work is to describe the methodology by which ambient aerosol properties are estimated from the in situ measurements, provide statistical descriptions of the aerosol characteristics of different remote air mass types, examine the contributions to AOD from different aerosol types in different air masses, and provide an entry point to the ATom aerosol database. The contributions of different aerosol types (dust, sea salt, biomass burning, etc.) to AOD generally align with expectations based on location of the profiles relative to continental sources of aerosols, with sea salt and aerosol water dominating the column extinction in most remote environments and dust and biomass burning (BB) particles contributing substantially to AOD, especially downwind of the African continent. Contributions of dust and BB aerosols to AOD were also significant in the free troposphere over the North Pacific. Comparisons of lognormally fitted size distribution parameters to values in the Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds (OPAC) database commonly used in global models show significant differences in the mean diameters and standard deviations for accumulation-mode particles and coarse-mode dust. In contrast, comparisons of lognormal parameters derived from the ATom data with previously published shipborne measurements in the remote marine boundary layer show general agreement. The dataset resulting from this work can be used to improve global-scale representation of climate-relevant aerosol properties in remote air masses through comparison with output from global models and assumptions used in retrievals of aerosol properties from both ground-based and satellite remote sensing.

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Section: Detailed Description Of Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aerosol Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aerosol Characteristics In Different Air Massesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient aerosol properties in the remote atmosphere from global-scale in situ measurements

et al. 2021

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“…In August 2016, PALMS was sampling on the NASA DC-8 aircraft as part of the ATom program (https://espo.nasa.gov/missions/atom/content/ATom). Aerosol composition determinations using the PALMS instrument during ATom have been described and interpreted previously [Murphy et al, 2018[Murphy et al, , 2019Schill et al, 2020;Bourgeois et al, 2020]. The PALMS mass concentrations for various species are derived by normalizing the fractions of particles of each size and type to size distributions measured by optical particle counters [Froyd et al, 2019].…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inline Coupling of Simple and Complex Chemistry Modules within the Global Weather Forecast model FIM (FIM-Chem v1)

Zhang

Grell

McKeen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. The global Flow-following finite-volume Icosahedral Model (FIM), which was developed in the Global Systems Laboratory of NOAA/ESRL, has been coupled inline with aerosol and gas-phase chemistry schemes of different complexity using the chemistry and aerosol packages from WRF-Chem v3.7, named as FIM-Chem v1. The three chemistry schemes include 1) the simple aerosol modules from the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport model that includes only simplified sulfur chemistry, bulk aerosols, and sectional dust and sea salt modules (GOCART); 2) the photochemical gas-phase mechanism RACM coupled to GOCART to determine the impact of more realistic gas-phase chemistry on the GOCART aerosols simulations (RACM_ GOCART); and 3) a further sophistication within the aerosol modules by replacing GOCART with a modal aerosol scheme that includes secondary organic aerosols (SOA) based on the VBS approach (RACM_SOA_VBS). FIM-Chem is able to simulate aerosol, gas-phase chemical species and SOA at various spatial resolutions with different levels of complexity and quantify the impact of aerosol on numerical weather predictions (NWP). We compare the results of RACM_ GOCART and GOCART schemes which uses the default climatological model fields for OH, H2O2, and NO3. We find significant reductions of sulfate that are on the order of 40 % to 80 % over the eastern US and are up to 40 % near the Beijing region over China when using the RACM_GOCART scheme. We also evaluate the model performance by comparing with the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom-1) aircraft measurements in 2016 summer. FIM-Chem shows good performance in capturing the aerosol and gas-phase tracers. The model predicted vertical profiles of biomass burning plumes and dust plumes off the western Africa are also reproduced reasonably well.

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Analytical performance of single particle aerosol mass spectrometer for accurate sizing and isotopic analysis of individual particles

Wei

Wang

et al. 2023

Atmospheric Environment

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An aerosol particle containing enriched uranium encountered in the remote upper troposphere

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Ambient aerosol properties in the remote atmosphere from global-scale in situ measurements

Ambient aerosol properties in the remote atmosphere from global-scale in situ measurements

Inline Coupling of Simple and Complex Chemistry Modules within the Global Weather Forecast model FIM (FIM-Chem v1)

Analytical performance of single particle aerosol mass spectrometer for accurate sizing and isotopic analysis of individual particles

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