“…The luminescent inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), such as trivalent lanthanide (Ln 3+ )-doped nanoparticles, quantum dots (QDs), and noble metal NPs, have become the research hotspot in the fields ranging from displays to biological imaging and sensing. − Albeit of the outstanding physical and chemical stability of their inorganic core as compared to organic chromophores, the optical properties of the NPs are sensitive to the complicated surface chemistries such as capping ligands and solvents. − Through vibrational coupling or altering the electronic states, the surface molecules heavily influence the photoluminescence (PL) performance of the nanoparticles. − As the role of chemical variations of the capping molecules in e.g ., anchoring groups and the chain length has been extensively studied, knowledge about the influence of the physical variations of the capping ligands, especially the effect of ligand conformation on the excitation energy dissipation scheme of the NPs, is still scarce and often controversial. − One main obstacle lies in the lack of a powerful tool for characterizing the ligand conformation when surveying the ligand–NP interactions . Previously, the capping ligands of the luminescent NPs were generally probed using the conventional spectroscopy techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorption and spontaneous Raman spectroscopy.…”