An advanced method of contributing emissions to short-lived chemical species (OH and HO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;): the TAGGING 1.1 submodel  based on the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy 2.53)

Rieger, Vanessa; Mertens, Mariano; Grewe, Volker

doi:10.5194/gmd-11-2049-2018

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This system couples online the global chemistry-climate model EMAC (Jöckel et al, 2006(Jöckel et al, , 2010 with the regional-scale chemistry-climate model COSMO-CLM/MESSy (Kerkweg and Jöckel, 2012a). COSMO-CLM is the community model of the German regional climate research community jointly further developed by the CLM-Community (Rockel et al, 2008). New boundary conditions (for dynamics, chemistry, and contributions) are provided at every time step of the driving model (e.g.…”

Section: Description Of the Model Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attributing ozone and its precursors to land transport emissions in Europe and Germany

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Land transport is an important emission source of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds. The emissions of nitrogen oxides affect air quality directly. Further, all of these emissions serve as a precursor for the formation of tropospheric ozone, thus leading to an indirect influence on air quality. In addition, ozone is radiatively active and its increase leads to a positive radiative forcing. Due to the strong non-linearity of the ozone chemistry, the contribution of emission sources to ozone cannot be calculated or measured directly. Instead, atmospheric chemistry models equipped with specific source attribution methods (e.g. tagging methods) are required. In this study we investigate the contribution of land transport emissions to ozone and ozone precursors using the MECO(n) model system (MESSy-fied ECHAM and COSMO models nested n times). This model system couples a global and a regional chemistry climate model and is equipped with a tagging diagnostic. We investigate the combined effect of long-range-transported ozone and ozone which is produced by European emissions by applying the tagging diagnostic simultaneously and consistently on the global and regional scale. We performed two simulations each covering 3 years with different anthropogenic emission inventories for Europe. We applied two regional refinements, i.e. one refinement covering Europe (50 km resolution) and one covering Germany (12 km resolution). The diagnosed absolute contributions of land transport emissions to reactive nitrogen (NOy) near ground level are in the range of 5 to 10 nmol mol−1. This corresponds to relative contributions of 50 % to 70 %. The largest absolute contributions appear around Paris, southern England, Moscow, the Po Valley, and western Germany. The absolute contributions to carbon monoxide range from 30 nmol mol−1 to more than 75 nmol mol−1 near emission hot-spots such as Paris or Moscow. The ozone which is attributed to land transport emissions shows a strong seasonal cycle with absolute contributions of 3 nmol mol−1 during winter and 5 to 10 nmol mol−1 during summer. This corresponds to relative contributions of 8 % to 10 % during winter and up to 16 % during summer. The largest values during summer are confined to the Po Valley, while the contributions in western Europe range from 12 % to 14 %. Only during summer are the ozone contributions slightly influenced by the anthropogenic emission inventory, but these differences are smaller than the range of the seasonal cycle of the contribution to land transport emissions. This cycle is caused by a complex interplay of seasonal cycles of other emissions (e.g. biogenic) and seasonal variations of the ozone regimes. In addition, our results suggest that during events with large ozone values the ozone contributions of land transport and biogenic emissions increase strongly. Here, the contribution of land transport emissions peaks up to 28 %. Hence, our model results suggest that land transport emissions are an important contributor during periods with large ozone values.

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Section: Description Of the Model Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attributing ozone and its precursors to land transport emissions in Europe and Germany

et al. 2020

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“…MMD* comprises the MMD2WAY submodel and the MMD library. OH OH tagged in a steady state approach (see Rieger et al, 2018) HO2 HO2 tagged in a steady state approach 39 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-715 Preprint. Discussion started: 13 September 2019 c Author(s) 2019.…”

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Attributing land transport emissions to ozone and ozone precursors in Europe and Germany

Mertens

Kerkweg

Grewe

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Land transport is an important emission source of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds, which serves as precursors for tropospheric ozone. Besides the direct negative impact of nitrogen oxides, air quality is also affected by these enhanced ozone tropospheric ozone concentrations. As ozone is radiativly active, its increase contributes to climate change. Due to the strong non-linearity of the ozone chemistry, the contribution of land transport emissions to tropospheric ozone cannot be calculated or measured directly, instead atmospheric-chemistry models equipped with specific source apportionment methods (called tagging) are required. In this study we investigate the contributions of land transport emissions to ozone and ozone precursors using the MECO(n) model system, coupling a global and a regional chemistry climate model, which are equipped with a tagging diagnostic. For the first time the effects of long range transport and regional effects of regional emissions are investigated. This is only possible by applying a tagging method simultaneously and consistently on the global and regional scale. We performed two three-year simulations with different anthropogenic emission inventories for Europe by applying our global model with two regional refinements, i.e. a European nest (50 km resolution) in the global model and a German nest (12 km resolution) in the European nest. We find contributions of land transport emissions to reactive nitrogen (NOy) near ground-level in the range of 5 to 10 nmol mol−1, corresponding to 50 to 70 % of the ground level NOy values. The largest contributions are around Paris, Southern England, Moscow, the Po Valley, and Western Germany. Carbon monoxide contributions range from 30 nmol mol−1 to more than 75 nmol mol−1 near emission hot spots such as Paris or Moscow. The contribution of land transport emissions to ozone show a strong seasonal cycle which absolute contributions of 3 nmol mol−1 during winter and 5 to 10 nmol mol−1 during summer. This corresponds to relative contributions of 8 to 10 % during winter and up to 16 % during summer. Those largest values during summer are confined to the Po Valley, while the contribution in Western Europa ranges from 12 to 14 %. The ozone contributions are robust. Only during summer the ozone contributions are slightly influenced by the emission inventory, but these differences are smaller than the range of the seasonal cycle of the contribution. This cycle is caused by a complex interplay of seasonal cycles of other emissions (e.g. biogenic) and seasonal difference of the ozone regimes. This small difference of the ozone contributions due to the emission inventory is remarkable as the precursor concentrations (NOx and CO) are much more affected by the change. In addition, our results suggest that during events with large ozone values the contribution of land transport emissions and biogenic emissions increase strongly. Here, the contribution of land transport emission peak up to 28 %. Hence, land transport is an important contributor to events of large ozone values.

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“…For the simulations of aviation-induced ozone changes in the present study, we applied EMAC (MESSy version 2.54.0.3) in T42L90MA resolution, i.e., with a spherical truncation of T42 (corresponding to a quadratic Gaussian grid of approximately 2.8 • × 2.8 • in latitude and longitude) with 90 vertical hybrid pressure levels up to 0.01 hPa. The applied model setup comprised RF calculations based on the sub-model RAD (Dietmüller et al, 2016) and the sub-model TAGGING (version 1.1; Grewe et al, 2017;Rieger et al, 2018) for the attribution of RF to emissions from the aviation sector (Mertens et al, 2018). The simulations use specified dynamics, and the setup is very similar to the one of the simulation RC1SD-base-10a described in detail by Jöckel et al (2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inconsistency in aviation emissions between CMIP5 and CMIP6 and the implications for short-lived species and their radiative forcing

et al. 2023

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Abstract. We report on an inconsistency in the latitudinal distribution of aviation emissions between the data products of phases 5 and 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Emissions in the CMIP6 data occur at higher latitudes than in the CMIP5 data for all scenarios, years, and emitted species. A comparative simulation with the chemistry–climate model ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) reveals that the difference in nitrogen oxide emission distribution leads to reduced overall ozone changes due to aviation in the CMIP6 scenarios because in those scenarios the distribution of emissions is partly shifted towards the chemically less active higher latitudes. The radiative forcing associated with aviation ozone is 7.6 % higher, and the decrease in methane lifetime is 5.7 % larger for the year 2015 when using the CMIP5 latitudinal distribution of emissions compared to when using the CMIP6 distribution. We do not find a statistically significant difference in the radiative forcing associated with aviation aerosol emissions. In total, future studies investigating the effects of aviation emissions on ozone and climate should consider the inconsistency reported here.

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An advanced method of contributing emissions to short-lived chemical species (OH and HO<sub>2</sub>): the TAGGING 1.1 submodel based on the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy 2.53)

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Attributing ozone and its precursors to land transport emissions in Europe and Germany

Attributing ozone and its precursors to land transport emissions in Europe and Germany

Attributing land transport emissions to ozone and ozone precursors in Europe and Germany

An inconsistency in aviation emissions between CMIP5 and CMIP6 and the implications for short-lived species and their radiative forcing

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