An advanced biomass gasification technology with integrated catalytic hot gas cleaning. Part II: Tar reforming using char as a catalyst or as a catalyst support

Zhang, Shu; Asadullah, Mohammad; Dong, Li; Tay, Hui-Ling; Li, Chun‐Zhu

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.03.015

Cited by 110 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The reactions between toluene and H2 would occur easily with bio-char or bio-char+Ni catalysts at high temperatures; thus, compared to Ni+bio-char, bio-char and bio-char+Ni catalysts can produce more CH4 (27.43%, 20.36%, and 33.04% at 850 °C for bio-char, Ni+bio-char, and bio-char+Ni, respectively) and less H2 content in the end gas products at high temperatures than at low temperatures (Yu et al 2006). Moreover, it is worth noting that Ni+bio-char catalyst showed higher H2 production than bio-char+Ni catalyst, which may generate a less ordered carbon structure within the biomass char (Zhang et al 2013c).…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Gas Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Tar Model Compound with Various Bio-Char Catalysts to Recycle Char from Biomass Pyrolysis

Liu¹,

He²,

Ma³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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a Tar and char can be regarded as unwanted byproducts during the gasification process. In this study, three types of catalyst, i.e., biomass char (bio-char), nickel supported on biomass (Ni+bio-char), and nickel supported on bio-char (bio-char+Ni), were studied to compare the catalytic effects of different preparation methods on tar model compound removal. The structural characteristics of the three catalysts were also investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The results revealed that Ni+bio-char catalyst showed much higher activity for the reformation of toluene (C7H8) as a tar model compound than the other two catalysts. Toluene could be completely converted to small gas molecules at a conversion rate of 99.92% at 800 °C, and the maximum yield of gas was 432 mL/(mL C7H8). In particular, the H2 and CH4 yields were 339 and 85 mL/(mL C7H8) at 850 °C, respectively. An N2 absorption-desorption experiment demonstrated that the specific surface area of Ni+bio-char was 32.87 times that of bio-char and 8.39 times that of bio-char+Ni. Moreover, metallic nickel (Ni 0 ) particles could be generated in the carbon matrix of Ni+bio-char catalyst. SEM analysis confirmed that the Ni+bio-char catalyst had a more porous structure. Nickel supported on biomass might be a promising catalyst for tar reformation because of its excellent catalytic activities.

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Section: Effect Of Temperature On Gas Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Tar Model Compound with Various Bio-Char Catalysts to Recycle Char from Biomass Pyrolysis

Liu¹,

He²,

Ma³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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“…Due to its high reactivity, biomass will immediately decompose into volatiles and char once it is fed into a hot reactor. The contact between the highly reactive volatiles and char could considerably inhibit the reaction rate of char and gasifying agents inside a gasifier [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Furthermore, the volatiles would consume the gasifying agents (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…oxygen and steam) at a much higher rate than char, which again is undesirable in terms of char conversion and gasification efficiency. It is therefore highly desirable to minimise the volatile-char interactions and to optimise the volatile-oxygen reactions inside the gasifier, which could be potentially realised by our recently proposed gasification technology [3,4,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An advanced biomass gasification technology with integrated catalytic hot gas cleaning. Part III: Effects of inorganic species in char on the reforming of tars from wood and agricultural wastes

Zhang

Song

et al. 2016

Fuel

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h i g h l i g h t sThe raw and H-form char were used to reform tar in a pilot scale gasifier. The effects of inorganics in the char catalyst on tar reforming were obvious. The catalyst also captured volatilised inorganics from raw gasification gas. a b s t r a c tChar is used directly as a catalyst for the catalytic reforming of tar during gasification. Experiments have been carried out to examine the effects of inorganics in char as a catalyst for the catalytic reforming of tar during the gasification of mallee wood, corn stalk and wheat straw in a pilot plant. The char catalyst was prepared from the pyrolysis of mallee wood at a fast heating rate. The catalytic activities of char and acidwashed char for tar reforming were compared under otherwise identical gasification conditions. For all biomass feedstocks tested for gasification, the tar contents in product gas could be drastically reduced by the catalyst, reaching a tar concentration level well below 100 mg/N m 3 . The acid-washed char also showed profound activity for tar reforming although its catalytic activity was definitely lower than the raw char. Both catalysts could effectively reform the aromatic ring systems (especially large aromatic ring systems with three or more fused benzene rings) in tars as is revealed using UV-fluorescence spectroscopy. The char itself was also partially gasified. After being used as a catalyst, the condensation of the aromatic rings and the accumulation of inorganic species led to drastic changes in char reactivity with O 2 at 400°C. The inorganic species in char tended to enhance the formation of H 2 and CO during the reforming reactions in the catalytic reactor.

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“…At optimized conditions, the conversion efficiencies of condensable tar reached 92.3% and 93% using Ni-Fe char and Ni char with calcination, respectively. Zhang et al [11] also studied the iron supported on biomass char and iron supported on brown coal char as hot gas cleaning catalysts at atmospheric pressure and 800°C The result showed decreased CO 2 and CH 4 concentrations and increase H 2 and CO concentration of product gas on any catalysts. The iron-containing species in char would favor the formation of H 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced reforming of agro-waste by modular gasifier for fuel generation

Nisamaneenate

Sornkade

Atong

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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An advanced biomass gasification technology with integrated catalytic hot gas cleaning. Part II: Tar reforming using char as a catalyst or as a catalyst support

Cited by 110 publications

References 28 publications

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Tar Model Compound with Various Bio-Char Catalysts to Recycle Char from Biomass Pyrolysis

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Tar Model Compound with Various Bio-Char Catalysts to Recycle Char from Biomass Pyrolysis

An advanced biomass gasification technology with integrated catalytic hot gas cleaning. Part III: Effects of inorganic species in char on the reforming of tars from wood and agricultural wastes

Advanced reforming of agro-waste by modular gasifier for fuel generation

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