An Adoptive Mother Who Became a Human Milk Donor

Flores-Antón, Beatriz; García-Lara, Nadia Raquel; Pallás‐Alonso, Carmen Rosa

doi:10.1177/0890334416682007

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For women who have not previously breastfed, this process is called “induced lactation.” If they have previously breastfed, it is termed “relactation” (WHO, 1998). Mothers often decide to undergo induced lactation or relactation to strengthen the mother–child bond (Flores-Antón, García-Lara, & Pallás-Alonso, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lommen and Brown (2015) concluded that the support that women received from breastfeeding services and their families enabled them to breastfeed their babies and face feelings of rejection, anger, stress, and failure. Flores-Antón et al (2017) described a mother who managed to feed her adopted baby exclusively with her own milk and argued that motivation and confidence helped her succeed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Challenges of Induction of Lactation and Relactation for Non-Gestating Spanish Mothers

et al. 2019

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Background: Induced lactation and relactation are the processes that enable breastfeeding in non-gestating mothers. Research aim: The aim of this study was to describe and interpret the challenges faced by mothers who undergo induced breastfeeding and relactation for adopted infants, infants born via surrogacy, and infants born to same-sex female partners. Methods: A qualitative study was performed using in-depth interviews conducted with Spanish women ( N = 9) who had decided to undergo induced lactation or relactation. The data were collected between October 2014 and May 2017. The length of the study was due to the difficulty in locating and recruiting the sample. Interviews were transcribed and coded with the ATLAS.ti v.7.5.7 software. We performed a deductive thematic analysis, creating categories based on the interview questions, which we developed on the basis of previous literature about induced lactation and relactation. Results: Participants described the following challenges: the physical hardships of the process; breastfeeding problems; difficulty with accessing information about induced lactation or relactation; and lack of support from health professionals. Breastfeeding periods lasted from 1.5 months to 4 years. Participants reported that breastfeeding increased the closeness between the mother and child and that this feeling of closeness tended to decrease after breastfeeding cessation. Conclusion: We offer data and analysis that can improve our understanding of the lived experiences of women undergoing the process of relactation or induced lactation and may help guide intervention strategies to support women in this situation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Challenges of Induction of Lactation and Relactation for Non-Gestating Spanish Mothers

et al. 2019

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“…It was important to consider the woman's priorities and the particular family configuration Szucs et al, 2010;Wilson et al, 2015;Cazorla-Ortiz et al, 2020). This kind of support could be offered by an International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (Biervliet et al, 2001;Cazorla-Ortiz et al, 2020;Farhadi & Philip, 2017;Flores-Antón et al, 2017). In the report by Kirkman and Kirkman (2001) concerning a case of surrogate motherhood between two sisters, the support the sisters offered one another was what enabled them to continue with the induction process, despite the difficulties they encountered along the way.…”

Section: Factors Associated With the Mother's Satisfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequent Stimulation. Each breast had to be stimulated for 10-20 min, 4-10 times a day (including at night), and this could be done manually or by using a breast pump, or both (Banapurmath et al, 1993;Cazorla-Ortiz et al, 2020;Flores-Antón et al, 2017;LeCain et al, 2020;McGuire, 2018;Reisman & Goldstein, 2018;Szucs et al, 2010;Wilson et al, 2015). In the study by Lakhkar (2000), four (33.3%) of the 12 participants who began the process of induced lactation did not produce milk.…”

Section: Factors Associated With the Mother's Satisfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods and Success Factors of Induced Lactation: A Scoping Review

et al. 2020

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Background Induced lactation enables a woman who has not given birth to breastfeed a child. Lactation may be induced through both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods, although the desired outcome cannot always be achieved. Research Aims The aims of this scoping review was to assess the different methods used to induce lactation, as well as the factors related to sucking the breast effectively and the production of human milk. Methods We searched five databases from June 2019–February 2020 for studies referring to methods and factors related to breast suckling and/or the volume of milk produced after inducing lactation, using the following search terms and Boolean operators: breastfeeding AND induced lactation AND adoptive mothers OR surrogate mothers OR female homosexuality OR non-gestating. The final review included a total of 24 articles. Results Pharmacological methods were not always used to produce milk, although breast stimulation was essential. The age of the child, interference due to bottle feeding, breast stimulation, and the support received were important factors in the induction of lactation. There were several factors that may account for the differences between developing and higher income countries in methods of induced lactation and the amount of milk that study participants produced. There was no consensus over whether previous pregnancy and/or breastfeeding experience influenced induced lactation. Conclusion Health professionals need to have adequate knowledge about induction methods, the preferences of each woman, and the reasons for inducing lactation, to provide proper assistance. However, the lack of standardization about induction of lactation makes it difficult.

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“…There has been some literature documenting the induction of lactation in cisgender womenindividuals who were assigned female sex at birth and identify as a womanin cases of adoption or surrogacy [3][4][5][6][7]. These protocols include the use of high estradiol and progesterone levels with later reduction to simulate birth, a galactagogue, and a breast pump for regular interval nipple stimulation [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and practice of induction of lactation in trans women among professionals working in trans health

2020

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Background: Breastfeeding is emerging as an important reproductive rights issue in the care of trans and gender nonconforming people. This study sought to understand the tools available to professionals working in the field of trans health to help trans women induce lactation and explore the concept of unmet need. Methods: In November 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional study which surveyed attendees at the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) symposium in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Eligible participants were 18 + years old, had professional experience with transgender populations, were able to complete a survey in English, and were conference attendees. Descriptive data were collected using a 14-item written survey encompassing demographic characteristics, experience in transgender health, and lactation induction in trans women. Results: We surveyed 82 respondents (response rate 10.5%), the majority of whom were healthcare professionals (84%). Average age of respondents was 42.3 years old. They represented 11 countries and averaged 8.8 years of work at 21.3 h/week with trans populations. Healthcare professionals in this sample primarily specialized in general/ internal medicine, psychology, endocrinology, and obstetrics/gynecology. One-third of respondents (34%) stated that they have met trans women who expressed interest in inducing lactation. Seventeen respondents (21%) knew of providers, clinics, or programs that facilitated the induction of lactation through medication or other means. Seven respondents (9%) have helped trans women induce lactation with an average of 1.9 trans women in the previous year. Two protocols for lactation induction were mentioned in free text responses and 91% believe there is a need for specialized protocols for trans women. Conclusion: This exploratory study demonstrates healthcare professionals' interest in breastfeeding protocols for lactation induction in trans women. Additional studies are needed to capture insights from breastfeeding specialists, e.g. lactation consultants and peripartum nurses, and to understand patients' perspectives on this service.

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An Adoptive Mother Who Became a Human Milk Donor

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Understanding the Challenges of Induction of Lactation and Relactation for Non-Gestating Spanish Mothers

Understanding the Challenges of Induction of Lactation and Relactation for Non-Gestating Spanish Mothers

Methods and Success Factors of Induced Lactation: A Scoping Review

Knowledge and practice of induction of lactation in trans women among professionals working in trans health

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