An additive's influence on the pitting and wear of ball bearing steel

Torrance, A.A.; Morgan, John Emrys; Wan, G.T.Y.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(95)06751-5

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Nevertheless, AW(s) and EP(s) under certain conditions can improve fatigue life [27][28][29] at low concentration [28] or can be detrimental to the fatigue life of the bearings [28,[30][31][32]. The high chemical activity of the reactive additives which can promote crack or pit nucleation is assumed to be the reason behind their undesirable effect on rolling fatigue life [28,30,31].…”

Section: The Effect Of Zddp and Water On Micropittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribochemical study of micropitting in tribocorrosive lubricated contacts: The influence of water and relative humidity

Soltanahmadi

Morina

Eijk

et al. 2017

Tribology International

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Water ingress into the lubricant as a contaminant affects performance leading to an alteration in wear, corrosion and fatigue behaviour of the tribological components especially in the rolling element bearings. The current study addresses the tribochemical phenomena involved in micropitting in tribocorrosion systems where different levels of dissolved-water are present in a model lubricant. In this study the effect of different temperatures, water concentrations and relative humidities have been investigated on micropitting under rolling/sliding contacts. The influence of free and dissolved water on tribocorrosive micropitting is clarified. The tribochemical change of the reaction films is studied using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) which confirmed that the (poly)phosphate chain length and tribofilm thickness are reduced with increased dissolved-water level.

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Section: The Effect Of Zddp and Water On Micropittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribochemical study of micropitting in tribocorrosive lubricated contacts: The influence of water and relative humidity

Soltanahmadi

Morina

Eijk

et al. 2017

Tribology International

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“…ZDDP additives have also been the object of a great deal of research due to that multifunction performance and the complexity of the mechanism that leads to it. Several studies have proved ZDDP to have detrimental effects on wear under certain operation conditions [1], and to enhance a friction increase when the system is operating under mixed and boundary lubrication conditions [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of base oil polarity on micro and nanofriction behaviour of base oil + ZDDP solutions

Tomala

Naveira-Suarez

Gebeshuber

et al. 2009

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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Ball-on-disc tribo tests and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to analyze the effect of base oil polarity on the friction behaviour of steel-steel contacts lubricated with base oil + zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) solutions. Understanding the lubrication properties of the first chemisorbed layer of additives on work pieces yields important information for the optimization of lubrication in various solutions, in particular with regard to the type of additive and amount needed.To characterize the influence of oil polarity, two reference base oils (hexadecane -non polar and diethylenglycol -polar) were blended with different concentrations of ZDDP-C 4 , and the solutions were tested. A monolayer of base oil/additive solution is deposited on an ASI 52100 steel plate and is scanned on AFM contact mode under several rubbing time and applied load conditions. An AFM technique is developed to estimate microscopic values of friction coefficients showing how the oil polarity contributes to the differences in friction behaviour of the solution due to the addition of ZDDP.

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“…It leads to creation on the lubricated surface numerous depressions and micropits due to corrosive wear, being potential nuclei for bigger "macropits". In this way the chance of failure increases, hence the fatigue life lubricated by EP additives tends to be reduced (Torrance et al, 1996). So, unlike in case of the oxidised GL-3 oil, the EP additives decrease in GL-5 oil due to oxidation exerts a beneficial influence on the surface fatigue life.…”

Section: Testing Of Water-contaminated Gear Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Automotive Gear Oils - Classification, Characteristics, Market Analysis, and Some Aspects of Lubrication

Tuszyński¹,

Michalczewski²,

Piekoszewski³

et al. 2011

New Trends and Developments in Automotive Industry

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An additive's influence on the pitting and wear of ball bearing steel

Cited by 50 publications

References 12 publications

Tribochemical study of micropitting in tribocorrosive lubricated contacts: The influence of water and relative humidity

Tribochemical study of micropitting in tribocorrosive lubricated contacts: The influence of water and relative humidity

Effect of base oil polarity on micro and nanofriction behaviour of base oil + ZDDP solutions

Modern Automotive Gear Oils - Classification, Characteristics, Market Analysis, and Some Aspects of Lubrication

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