An Adaptive Protection Scheme for Coordination of Distance and Directional Overcurrent Relays in Distribution Systems Based on a Modified School-Based Optimizer

Abstract

This paper presents an adaptive protection scheme (APS) for solving the coordination problem that deals with coordination directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) and distance relays second zone time, in relation to coordination with DOCRs. The coordination problem becomes more complex with the impact of renewable energy sources (RES) when added to the distribution grid. This leads to a change in the grid topology, caused by the on/off states of the distribution generators (DG). The frequency of topological changes in distribution grids poses a challenge to the power system’s protection components. The change in the state of DGs leads to malfunction in reliability and miscoordination between protection relays, since that causes a direct effect to the short circuit currents. This paper used the school-based optimization (SBO) algorithm, which simulates the educational process, in order to deal with coordination problems. That algorithm is modified (MSBO) by modified both learning and teaching processes. The IEEE 8-bus test system and IEEE 14-bus distribution network are used to validate the proposed coordination system’s effectiveness when dealing with the coordination process between distance and DOCRs, at both the near- and far-end in the typical topological grid and with DGs in working order.

Enhancing distribution generator impact mitigation using an adaptive protection scheme based on modified pelican optimization algorithm and active database management system

“…All variable designs were optimized by the APSs within specified limits. 6,13 Table 1 presents the optimal values for the variable designs that were tuned by APS based on POA and MPOA at a normal electrical network. These values were selected to avoid miscoordination between DOCRs and D&DOCRs, as shown in Table 2.…”

“…This section presents a comparison between the suggested APS algorithms based on POA and MPOA with existing APSs that use well-known optimization algorithms such as PSO, 28 tunicate swarm algorithm, 28 and school-based optimizer (SBO). 6 The optimal solutions obtained from the proposed APS and the other algorithms are listed in Table 10. On the basis of the results in the table, it can be observed that the APS employing MPOA consistently provides the best optimal solution for all case studies.…”

“…The second zone, which covers 120% of the transmission line, operates with a delay time, resulting in overlapping between DOCRs and distance relays. 5,6 To address the impact of DGs on the electrical grid, an adaptive protection scheme (APS) has been proposed in this study. This APS is enhanced with an active database management system (ADBMS) and is based on the pelican optimization algorithm (POA) and its modified version (modified pelican optimization algorithm [MPOA]).…”

An Improved Technique of Hybridization of PSO for the Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Protection Relays of IEEE Bus System

“…In general, a DOPR is dependent upon many factors such as the plug setting (PS), time multiplier setting (TMS), coordination time interval (CTI), current transformer ratio (CTR) primary fault current, and secondary fault current, etc. To improve reliability in electrical systems, other relays are integrated, which serve as a second line of protection in the event of a failure of the first protection, and to ensure the stability of the power system, an alternate protection circuit must be placed in case the first one does not work properly [2,3]. The reliability of the operating time of a DOPR depends on two parameters that are the plug setting (PS) and time multiplier setting (TMS).…”

Computational Intelligence Application in Electrical Engineering

“…Paper [3] presents the application of a metaheuristic optimization method for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays and distance relays in the second zone. The authors developed a modified school-based optimization method as an improvement to the basic version of this optimizer.…”