An Adaptive Beamforming Time with Round-Robin MAC Algorithm for Reducing Energy Consumption in MANET

Inzillo, Vincenzo; Rango, Floriano De; Quintana, Alfonso Ariza; Santamaria, Amilcare Francesco

doi:10.3390/jsan7040050

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although those schemes are shown to be somewhat effective, none of them have comprehensively resolved the deafness issue [120,121]. In addition to deafness, the biggest problem for the implementation of directional MAC protocols is the requirement for location awareness.…”

Section: Directional Mac Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network for hypersonic UCAV swarms

Luo¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

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Unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) that swarm with both autonomous decision-making and cooperative attacking have been regarded as revolutionary elements of modern warfare. In such a swarm, inter-group connectivity must be ensured in a network to maintain a collective consensus. In recent years, academia and industry have made many efforts to achieve common tactical data link systems and commercial drone networks. However, the existing results have difficulty meeting the needs of cooperative autonomous UCAV swarms with both hypersonic mobility and time sensitivity in severe confrontation scenarios. In this article, we conduct an in-depth investigation of the network used for the hypersonic UCAV swarms, which can be considered as a special form of mobile wireless network. Furthermore, faced with specific functional demands, we summarize the main challenges of designing this dedicated network. In addition, a comprehensive survey of potential solutions for the network design is presented. Lastly, we discuss the possible capabilities of the network given the current forefront of technology, as well as remaining challenges and open issues.

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Section: Directional Mac Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network for hypersonic UCAV swarms

Luo¹,

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2020

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

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“…Other researchers propose an open loop synchronization, in which there is no feedback from the receiver, a main node is established within the WSN that is the master who coordinates the synchronization of all slave nodes, depending on the procedure these techniques can consume many resources and energy, and are carried out in groups of motes selected within the WSN to decrease globally the energy consumption, [47], this depends strongly on the operating system and the algorithm implementation [48]. Energy consumption and effective beamforming algorithms are closely related, for instance in null avoidance [49], and a very recent work where a new adaptive beamforming time with round-robin MAC was presented [50].…”

Section: Beamformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of a Stochastic Collaborative Beamforming for Long Range Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks

et al. 2018

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a group of spatially dispersed autonomous sensor devices, named motes. These motes have a microcontroller, sensors, are powered by AA or AAA batteries, and mainly have the ability to communicate using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The motes communicate between them inside the WSN exchanging packets using a multi-hop routing. They use a very low amount of power (below 100 mW). This limits the maximum communication distance between motes within the WSN. Usually, one mote acts as a gateway to other networks and this mote is also called sink or simply Base Station (BS), and the data collected by the sensors of each mote are sent to this mote. The maximum distance between the BS and the nearest mote is below 100 m because of the power limitations of the motes. If the WSN-BS distance is above this boundary, the communication will surely fail. We propose a new technique in order to achieve a long range communication from the WSN, for instance to communicate to a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite. Many proposals in the literature based on Collaborative Beamforming (CB), also known as Distributed or Cooperative Beamforming, for these long range communications are found, however the synchronization of clocks is an almost impossible task given the simplicity and cheapness of the architecture of the motes. To overcome this problem, we propose a new technique, named Stochastic Collaborative Beamforming (SCB), in which we take advantage of the synchronization errors of the clocks. In SCB, it is possible to obtain the adequate time delay that permits the interference or sufficient gain in the direction of the receiver. This gain is obtained from interfering independent signals coming from each mote of the WSN, using a repetition scheme. Although it does not get all the nominal gain that could be obtained in case of a perfect synchronization, it does get a sufficient gain to reach the BS with limited power consumption.Electronics 2018, 7, 417 2 of 19 installed and working, they transmit the information provided by the sensors to the Base Station (BS), also known as sink or gateway, which in turn can supply the information to an external server. WSNs thus allow monitoring of physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, humidity, pressure, noise, movement or pollutants. WSN were initially developed for military applications, such as battlefield surveillance. They are now used in a multitude of industrial and civil applications [2], in industrial process monitoring and control, machine monitoring, environmental parameter monitoring, traffic control, healthcare, and automation and habitat monitoring in home automation applications. These networks can also be deployed in areas of difficult access or under very adverse conditions, such as mountainous areas, jungles, deserts, mines, skyscrapers, etc. The duration of the batteries determines the duration of its correct operation which can be months or years, depending on the sensors consumption and the energy used by the transmissions ...

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