An active backscatter wake-up and tag identification extraction protocol for low cost and low power active RFID

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Circuits Syst.

Svensson

2013

An ultra-low power wake-up radio receiver using no oscillators is described. The radio utilizes an envelope detector followed by a baseband amplifier and is fabricated in a 130-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process. The receiver is preceded by a passive radio-frequency voltage transformer, also providing 50 antenna matching, fabricated as transmission lines on the FR4 chip carrier. A sensitivity of dBm with 200 kb/s on-off keying modulation is measured at a current consumption of 2.3 A from a 1 V supply. No trimming is used. The receiver accepts a dBm continuous wave blocking signal, or modulated blockers 6 dB below the sensitivity limit, with no loss of sensitivity. IndexTerms-Blocking signal, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), envelope detector sensitivity, radio-frequency identification (RFID), ultra low power, wake-up radio, wireless sensor networks. I. INTRODUCTIONT HE RESEARCH on low-power radio technology is motivated by the needs from several application areas. Among these application areas are distributed wireless sensor networks, which may include chemical security monitoring [1], buried sensors for buildings and structure health [2], biotelemetry [3],[4], or surveillance in logistic chains [5]. These types of networks are sometimes referred to as Internet of Things (IoT), ubiquitous computing, or simply as radio-frequency identification (RFID). A common requirement is the need for ultra low power receiver solutions. The network node lifetime is determined by its power consumption and its battery capacity. Energy scavenging from mechanical vibrations, thermal gradients, or electromagnetic fields could increase the lifetime or eliminate the need for batteries. Exclusion of batteries may drastically change the service required to maintain the network, but with available radio technology this will also severely reduce the communication range for the nodes. A common accepted dc power consumption level where energy scavenging is feasible for a node is around 100 W [6].

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra Low Power Wake-Up Radio Using Envelope Detector and Transmission Line Voltage Transformer

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Circuits Syst.

Svensson

2013

“…The protocol for communication between the tag and reader is described in [11] and is of the binary tree type [12] [13][14], meaning that the ID is extracted bit by bit when…”

Section: Communication Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system performance is deduced from calculations and simulations in [11] and is presented as 1) readout delay, the time it takes in average to read a tag ID 2) the tag life time when draining the tag battery. 3) Operating range of the system.…”

Section: System Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

A low power-long range active RFID-system consisting of active RFID backscatter transponders

2010 IEEE International Conference on RFID-Technology and Applications

Bengtsson

et al. 2010

Proceeding of the IEEE International Conference on RFID-Technology and Applications, Guangzhou, China, 17 -19 June 2010 978-1-4244-6700-6/10/$26.00 © 2010 IEEE 26Abstract In this paper we present a novel active radio frequency identification system consisting of transponders with low complexity, low power consumption, and long system circuit integration area indicate that the production cost is comparable to the one of a passive tag. The hardware keystone is -up transceiver, which is a single oscillator with very low power consumption. The communication protocol, based on frequency signalling binary tree, contributes to the low complexity of the tag architecture. More than 1500 tags can be read per second. The average transponder ID read-out delay is 319 ms when there are 1000 transponders within reach of the interrogator. The calculated expected life time for a transponder is estimated to be almost three years.

“…The tags in the vicinity of the reader are first awakened by a beacon different frequencies, where every frequency corresponds to a two-bit combination in the ID. A detailed description is found in [13]. This paper is organized as follows; II) Description of the receiver design.…”

Section: A New Cmos Radio For Low Power Rfid Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example; we will use frequency hopping technique, where each hop has the potential to trig the receiver oscillations [13]. It follows that it is important to minimize the number of frequency hops used for addressing each single tag.…”

Section: ) Power Consumption and Self Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new CMOS radio for low power RFID applications

2010 IEEE International Conference on RFID-Technology and Applications

Linnér

Siko

et al. 2010

A novel radio receiver circuit, functioning as a tuned active, detecting antenna, is described. The receiver is suggested to be part of a new radio system with the potential of competing with the range capability of active RFID-tags and, through its low power and long lifetime, with passive RFID-tags. The circuit is outlined and the functionality is verified by simulations and measurements.A 24 MHz discrete prototype showed better than -70 dBm sensitivity and 5 kHz bandwidth, with a power consumption of performed at 2.5 GHz. The detector is modeled by using 180 nm CMOS transistors. In simulations the power consumption for itivity of -83 dBm and a bandwidth of 9 MHz.Our conclusion is that this novel simple circuit architecture is well suited for monolithic implementation of a low power transceiver.