An activation pathway governs cell wall polymerization by a bacterial morphogenic machine

Pda, Rohs; Buss, Jackson; S, Sim; Squyres, Georgia R.; Srisuknimit,; Smith, Mandy D.; H, Cho; Sjodt, Megan; Kruse, Andrew C.; Garner, Edward B.; Walker, Suzanne; Kahne, Daniel; Tg, Bernhardt

doi:10.1101/359208

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Many of the plant glycan antigens are on the cell wall [89,90]. So is the bacterial cell wall [84,91], as it is surrounded by peptidoglycans [92] and lipopolysaccharides [93].…”

Section: Glycans Are Ubiquitousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances In Nutritional Sciences: An Overview Of Glycans And MiRNAs

Menapace¹

2018

J Nutr Food Sci

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There are many nutritional substances that humans consume on a daily basis: water, carbohydrates lipids and proteins are main biochemical components of food. But others in a smaller amount are vitamins minerals and enzymes. At a possibly lesser quantity are glycans and miRNAs. The presence of oligoglycans in all food sources has been an established fact for many years. These special carbohydrates are present as glycoconjugates (glycoproteins or glycolipids) in and on the surface of all the cells (glycocalyx) of all organisms that we eat and remain intact through the GI tract as we lack the enzymatic repertoire of the human body to unbind their particular β-linkages. Glycans bind to naturally present human lectins (through protein-carbohydrate interactions), but also with other human glycans (through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, or CCI). Moreover, these glycans, like fibres, are digested by the gut microbiota that resides within the intestine. As our biochemistry shapes the composition of the microbiome, so does the composition of glycans and foods that we consume, triggering biological responses. miRNAs are small, single-stranded, 19-to 23-nucleotide-long RNA molecules and affect the stability of messenger RNA (mRNA) influencing protein synthesis. miRNAs are also present in foods and act on both the microbial composition in our gut and may be absorbed by the walls of the GI tract, demonstrating resistance to food processing and enzymatic attack. Though still a topic of controversy, these small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expression may directly enter into the circulating miRNA population of dietary exogenous miRNAs. It can hence be possible to identify a relationship between glycans and miRNAs in food on one side, microbiota composition on the other and the resultant health status of the host (immune system), on the third side.

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“…Many of the plant glycan antigens are on the cell wall [89,90]. So is the bacterial cell wall [84,91], as it is surrounded by peptidoglycans [92] and lipopolysaccharides [93].…”

Section: Glycans Are Ubiquitousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances In Nutritional Sciences: An Overview Of Glycans And MiRNAs

Menapace¹

2018

J Nutr Food Sci

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“…Recent genetic and biochemical results from our groups also suggest that the polymerase activity of SEDS proteins requires an activation event beyond complexation with a bPBP partner in vivo . 18 Amino acid substitutions in the pedestal domain of PBP2 in E. coli were found to stimulate RodA activity in vivo and in vitro , and these PBP2 variants bypass the requirement for MreC and other components of the shape determining system. 18 Similar changes in FtsW and PBP3 from E. coli and Caulobacter cresentus were found to overcome the action of division inhibitors and thus are thought to activate the divisome.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Amino acid substitutions in the pedestal domain of PBP2 in E. coli were found to stimulate RodA activity in vivo and in vitro , and these PBP2 variants bypass the requirement for MreC and other components of the shape determining system. 18 Similar changes in FtsW and PBP3 from E. coli and Caulobacter cresentus were found to overcome the action of division inhibitors and thus are thought to activate the divisome. 19–21 It therefore appears that the synthase activity of SEDS-bPBP complexes from both the Rod system and the divisome may be controlled by similar mechanisms within their respective machineries.…”

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confidence: 99%

FtsW is a peptidoglycan polymerase that is activated by its cognate penicillin-binding protein

Taguchi

Welsh

Marmont

et al. 2018

Preprint

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12The peptidoglycan cell wall is essential for the survival and shape maintenance of 13 bacteria. 1 For decades it was thought that only penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 14 effected peptidoglycan synthesis. Recently, it was shown that RodA, a member of the 15 Rod complex involved in side wall peptidoglycan synthesis, acts as a peptidoglycan 16 polymerase. [2][3][4] RodA is absent or dispensable in many bacteria that contain a cell wall; 17 however, all of these bacteria have a RodA homologue, FtsW, which is a core member of 18 the divisome complex that is essential for septal cell wall assembly. 5,6 FtsW was 19 previously proposed flip the peptidoglycan precursor Lipid II to the peripasm, 7,8 but we 20 report here that FtsW polymerizes Lipid II. We show that FtsW polymerase activity 21 depends on the presence of the class B PBP (bPBP) that it recruits to the septum. We 22

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SEDS-bPBP pairs direct Lateral and Septal Peptidoglycan Synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus

Reichmann

Tavares

Saraiva

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Peptidoglycan (PGN) is the major component of the bacterial cell wall, a structure essential for the physical integrity and shape of the cell. Bacteria maintain cell shape by directing PGN incorporation to distinct regions of the cell, namely through the localisation of the late stage PGN synthesis proteins. These include two key protein families, SEDS transglycosylases and the bPBP transpeptidases, proposed to function in cognate pairs. Rod-shaped bacteria have two SEDS-bPBP pairs, involved in cell elongation and cell division. Here, we elucidate why coccoid bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, also possess two SEDS-bPBP pairs. We determined that S. aureus RodA-PBP3 and FtsW-PBP1 likely constitute cognate pairs of interacting proteins. Lack of RodA-PBP3 decreased cell eccentricity due to deficient pre-septal PGN synthesis, whereas the depletion of FtsW-PBP1 arrested normal septal PGN incorporation. Although PBP1 is an essential protein, a mutant lacking PBP1 transpeptidase activity is viable, showing that this protein has a second function. We propose that the FtsW-PBP1 pair has a role in stabilising the divisome at midcell. In the absence of these proteins, the divisome appears as multiple rings/arcs that drive lateral PGN incorporation, leading to cell elongation. We conclude that RodA-PBP3 and FtsW-PBP1 mediate lateral and septal PGN incorporation, respectively, and that the activity of these pairs must be balanced in order to maintain coccoid morphology.Peptidoglycan (PGN) synthesis is an essential process that is both spatially and temporally regulated to ensure that the bacterial cell shape is maintained 1 . Rod-shaped bacteria elongate by synthesising PGN along the length of the cell in a process directed by the cytoskeletal protein MreB 2 . In Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, this protein polymerises into short filaments that move processively around the cell diameter, and organise a multi-protein machinery, including PGN synthesis proteins, referred to as the elongasome or the Rod system 3-5 . Cell division is dependent on another cytoskeletal protein, FtsZ, which polymerises to form the Z-ring and recruits a multi-protein complex responsible for septum synthesis, known as the divisome 6,7 . This complex directs PGN incorporation to the midcell, resulting in inward PGN synthesis, and eventually bisects the mother cell, leading to daughter cell separation.Ovococci such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Lactococcus lactis lack MreB, and FtsZ is proposed to coordinate both elongation and septation 8,9 . In these organisms PGN is

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An activation pathway governs cell wall polymerization by a bacterial morphogenic machine

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Recent Advances In Nutritional Sciences: An Overview Of Glycans And MiRNAs

Recent Advances In Nutritional Sciences: An Overview Of Glycans And MiRNAs

FtsW is a peptidoglycan polymerase that is activated by its cognate penicillin-binding protein

SEDS-bPBP pairs direct Lateral and Septal Peptidoglycan Synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus

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