An Acinetobacter non-baumannii Population Study: Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARGs)

Abstract

Acinetobacter non-baumannii species are becoming common etiologic agents of nosocomial infections. Furthermore, clinical isolates belonging to this group of bacteria are usually resistant to one or more antibiotics. The current information about antibiotic resistance genes in the different A. non-baumannii species has not yet been studied as a whole. Therefore, we did a comparative study of the resistomes of A. non-baumannii pathogens based on information available in published articles and genome sequences. We searched the available literature and sequences deposited in GenBank to identify the resistance gene content of A. calcoaceticus, A. lwoffii, A. junii, A. soli, A. ursingii, A. bereziniae, A. nosocomialis, A. portensis, A. guerrae, A. baylyi, A. calcoaceticus, A. disperses, A. johnsonii, A. junii, A. lwoffii, A. nosocomialis, A. oleivorans, A. oryzae, A. pittii, A. radioresistens, and A. venetianus. The most common genes were those coding for different β-lactamases, including the carbapenemase genes blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-58. A. pittii was the species with the most β-lactamase resistance genes reported. Other genes that were commonly found include those encoding some aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, the most common being aph(6)-Id, ant(3″)-IIa, and aph(3″)-Ib, and efflux pumps. All or part of the genes coding for the AdeABC, AdeFGH, and AdeIJK efflux pumps were the most commonly found. This article incorporates all the current information about A. non-baumannii resistance genes. The comparison of the different resistomes shows that there are similarities in the genes present, but there are also significant differences that could impact the efficiency of treatments depending on the etiologic agent. This article is a comprehensive resource about A. non-baumannii resistomes.

Metagenomic Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Untreated Wastewater From Three Different Hospitals

“…Some studies have shown a correlation between antibiotics, ARGs, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospital wastewaters ( Lira et al, 2020 ; Lutterbeck et al, 2020 ; Baraka et al, 2021 ). There were positive correlations between selected ARGs (sul1, sul2, tetQ, and qnrS) and the concentrations of certain antibiotics in the wastewaters of five hospitals in Xinjiang, China ( Li et al, 2016 ).…”

Swine farm groundwater is a hidden hotspot for antibiotic-resistant pathogenic Acinetobacter

“…A recent study summarized ARG contents in 21 non-A. baumannii species, and elucidated that beta-lactams and aminoglycosides resistance genes as well as the efflux pump resistance mechanisms are commonly detected in Acinetobacter [61]. The beta-lactams resistance, especially last-resort carbapenems, has obtained growing concerns in livestock-associated Acinetobacter researches [62].…”

“…Imipenem-resistant A. baumannii, carbapenem-resistant A. calcoaceticus, imipenem-and meropenem-resistant A. junii have been isolated from animal feces and farm-affected soil [26][27][28], suggesting that livestock environments are potential hotspots for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter prevalence. In terms of aminoglycosides resistance, aph(6), ant(3"), aph(3") and strA are the most prevalent ARGs in Acinetobacter [61]. The former three are detected in A. pittii, A. indicus and A. haemolyticus, while the latter one is carried by A. pittii, A. nosocomialis, A. radioresistens, A. seifertii, A. haemolyticus, A. towneri, A. johnsonii and A. ursingii.…”

Draft Genome Sequences of Two Acinetobacter soli Clinical Isolates from a Tertiary Hospital in Terengganu, Malaysia

“…Bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter are opportunistic pathogens, and although A. baumannii is the most clinically important species due to its multidrug-resistant characteristics, other non- baumannii species, such as A. nosocomialis , A. pittii , and A. soli , are known etiologic agents of nosocomial infections ( 1 ). Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two A. soli isolates, AC1511 and AC15148, from Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah (Terengganu, Malaysia).…”