An accurate method for microanalysis of carbon monoxide in putrid postmortem blood by head-space gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS/GC/MS)

Hao, Hongxia; Zhou, Hong; Liu, Xiaopei; Zhong, Zhang; Zhongshan, YU

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.03.052

Cited by 12 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The 30‐min saturation period is the minimum time required to ensure complete saturation with either gas. [ 16 ] Gas cylinders were purchased from AirGas in Allentown, PA, USA. All blood samples were stored at 4°C in airtight containers to maintain the integrity of the samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of a Raman microspectrophotometric method to quantitate carboxyhemoglobin in blood

Melbourn

Brettell

Maldonado

et al. 2020

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) quantitation is a routine toxicological analysis performed in cases of suspected acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Current methods available for COHb quantitation include spectrophotometric methods and gas chromatographic methods, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. The goal of the present study was to develop a Raman microspectrophotometric COHb quantitation method and assess its precision and accuracy. A strong linear correlation (average R2 = 0.98) was found to exist between COHb concentration and the ratio of the Raman intensities at approximately 1,552 and 1,580 cm−1. The limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 4.4% and 13.2% COHb, respectively. Intraday and interday studies of three calibrators indicated high precision, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 0.85% to 3.4%. The accuracy of this method was evaluated through the quantitation of blind samples, first using the proposed Raman microspectrophotometric method and then by a published UV–visible spectrophotometric method. For the proposed Raman method, 87.5% of the samples were quantitated with less than 20% error. The average variances of the two methods were found to be statistically different using a two‐sample F test, with the Raman microspectrophotometric method having a lower average variance. This study demonstrates that Raman microspectrophotometry may be used to quantitate the COHb concentration of blood samples. Furthermore, this method is comparable with established spectrophotometric methods while eliminating the need for time‐consuming sample preparation and limiting the use of consumables and the generation of waste.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current methods of COHb quantitation include spectrophotometry, [ 2–7 ] CO‐oximetry, [ 8–13 ] and gas chromatography, [ 14–17 ] all of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. In a laboratory setting, spectrophotometry and CO‐oximetry provide a quick, easy to use method for COHb quantitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Raman microspectrophotometric method to quantitate carboxyhemoglobin in blood

Melbourn

Brettell

Maldonado

et al. 2020

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The selectivity of the method was assessed with the measurement of samples obtained by the mixture of various intracadaveric gases with CO. These analyses were evaluated for co-eluting chromatographic peaks with possible interferences with either the CO or 13 CO detection. No interference peaks for any of the other gases were observed at CO m/z ratio of 28 or 13 CO m/z ratio of 29 (see Figure B.1), which indicates that the method is sufficiently selective for determination of CO.…”

Section: Selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major drawback of spectrophotometric methods is the dependence on the optical state of the sample. Degradation of the sample due to storage as well as postmortem interferences, such as thermo-coagulation [12], contamination due to incomplete haemolysis, high lipid concentrations or thrombocytosis and putrefaction [13], can change the blood state and result in either an alteration of the measurement or the impossibility of the device to determine a value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, another type of detector employed was MS. The developed MS methods are more simple, rapid, accurate, reproducible, in addition to the versatility of the instrument, since it can be used for all types of analysis and hence is useful in laboratories for routine analyses [13,25,26]. Furthermore, MS allows for a higher power of identification: additionally to the retention time, the compounds are identified with the mass spectrum, which allows quantification with a stable labelled isotope as internal standard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon monoxide analysis method in human blood by Airtight Gas Syringe – Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (AGS-GC-MS): Relevance for postmortem poisoning diagnosis

Oliverio

Varlet

2018

Journal of Chromatography B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon monoxide is one of the most abundant toxic air pollutants. Symptoms of a CO intoxication are non-specific, leading to a high number of misdiagnosed CO poisoning cases that are missing in the disease statistics. The chemical nature of the molecule makes it difficult to detect for long periods and at low levels, thus requiring a very accurate and sensitive method. Current methods capable of accurate and sensitive analyses are available, however an inconsistency between results and symptoms are frequently reported. Therefore, an improved method for the analysis of carbon monoxide in blood and in the headspace (HS) of the sampling tube with the use of Airtight Gas Syringe - Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (AGS-GC-MS) is hereby presented and validated, for CO concentrations in a range of 10-200 nmol/mL HS (2-40 μmol/mL blood). Analytical LOQ is found at 0.9 nmol/mL HS (0.18 μmol/mL blood) and LOD at 0.1 nmol/mL gas. Application to intoxicated samples from autopsies and comparison to previously published methods show that this method is more appropriate, since performed under fully controlled conditions. Results show higher CO concentrations compared to previous approaches, indicating that results might have been underestimating the true blood CO burden. Therefore, this approach has the potential to help reduce the misdiagnosed cases and the gap between measurement and diagnosis of CO poisonings.

show abstract

What are the limitations of methods to measure carbon monoxide in biological samples?

Oliverio

Varlet

2019

Forensic Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most important toxic gases in the atmosphere. Its high affinity for hemoglobin made carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) the most appropriate biomarker for CO poisonings. COHb is measured using spectrophotometric (UV-spectrophotometry, CO-oximetry) or gas chromatographic (GC) methods hyphenated with flame ionization or mass spectrometry detectors. However, inconsistencies in many cases were reported between measured values and reported symptoms, raising doubts over the suitability of COHb as biomarker together with the accuracy and reliability of its measurement methods. Therefore, we aimed to review the accuracy of current methods to measure CO and to determine their sources of error and their effects on the interpretation process. MethodsA detailed search of PubMed was performed in November 2018 using relevant keywords. After exclusion criteria, 46 articles out of 191 initial hits were carefully reviewed. ResultsWhile optical methods are highly affected by changes of blood quality due to degradation of the samples during storage, GC methods are less affected. However, measurement of COHb does not quantify free CO, which is mainly responsible for toxicity mechanisms other than hypoxia such as inhibition of hemoproteins, thus underestimating the true CO burden. Therefore, measurement of COHb is insufficiently accurate for CO poisoning diagnosis. ConclusionsAn alternative biomarker is required, such as determining the total amount of carbon monoxide in blood. Even though further research is required, we recommend toxicologists to consider all sources of error that can alter COHb concentrations and, in more challenging cases, they should use GC-MS methods to confirm the results obtained by spectrophotometry.

show abstract

An accurate method for microanalysis of carbon monoxide in putrid postmortem blood by head-space gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS/GC/MS)

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Development of a Raman microspectrophotometric method to quantitate carboxyhemoglobin in blood

Development of a Raman microspectrophotometric method to quantitate carboxyhemoglobin in blood

Carbon monoxide analysis method in human blood by Airtight Gas Syringe – Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (AGS-GC-MS): Relevance for postmortem poisoning diagnosis

What are the limitations of methods to measure carbon monoxide in biological samples?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About