An Accessory Muscle of Pectoral Region: A Case Repor

Bannur, B M; Mallashetty, Nagaraj; Endigeri, Preetish

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2013/6033.3381

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The pectoral muscles of today's mammals have their origin in a single muscle in the lobed pectoral fin of the Sarcopterygii [1], which later evolved into superficial and deep layers in the evolutionary line that led to the mammals [2–4]. The embryological development of the pectoral muscles takes place in two stages [33]. During the first stage, myogenic cells migrate from the dermomyotome to the precursor of the upper limb, while, in the second stage, these cells return to the trunk, where they anchor the shoulder region to the body wall, forming the pectoral and latissimus dorsi muscles [42–44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the first stage, myogenic cells migrate from the dermomyotome to the precursor of the upper limb, while, in the second stage, these cells return to the trunk, where they anchor the shoulder region to the body wall, forming the pectoral and latissimus dorsi muscles [42–44]. The final anatomic distribution of the pectoral muscles is the result of the three processes of migration, fusion, and apoptosis of the myogenic cells, and any alteration in these processes can modify the origin or insertion points of the muscles or produce supernumerary muscles [33]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, HS05 had one cranial and one caudal deep fascicle (Figure 2), the latter of which had a similar disposition to that of two of our common chimpanzees (VUPT06 and VUPT07) and three of our bonobos (ZIMS164031, ZIMS164041, and ZIMS164052). These deep supernumerary fascicles should not be confused with a pectoralis intermedius muscle, which is also located between the pectoralis major and the pectoralis minor but which is inserted at the coracoid process [29] or the tendon of the short head of the biceps brachii [50] or converges with the pectoralis minor [33]. None of our common chimpanzees, bonobos, or humans had a pectoralis intermedius.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These fascicles originate from different ribs and are inserted by fusing with the deep surface of the pectoralis major. These fascicles should not be confused with the pectoralis intermedius muscle, which can be also present as a variation and is located between the pectoralis major and the pectoralis minor and which originates from the third and fourth ribs and is inserted at the coracoid process of the scapula [29] or converges with the pectoralis minor [33]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of the pectoral muscles is especially important in bonobos, because their anatomy and variations have been poorly studied since Miller's classic monograph on the anatomy of the muscles of Pan paniscus based on a single specimen [22]. A detailed analysis of the pectoral muscles and their possible variations in common chimpanzees and bonobos will also provide valuable information on the anatomic variations of these muscles in humans, especially the presence of supernumerary muscles, such as the pectoralis abdominis, and the variations on insertion of the pectoralis minor, which have been related to the etiopathogenesis of some diseases such as the subacromial impingement syndrome [35, 37, 38] and to some surgical complications [32, 33, 41]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter- and Intraspecific Variations in the Pectoral Muscles of Common Chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes), Bonobos(Pan paniscus), and Humans(Homo sapiens)

Potau

Arias-Martorell

Bello-Hellegouarch

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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We have analyzed anatomic variations in the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles of common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) and compared them to anatomic variations in these muscles in humans (Homo sapiens). We have macroscopically dissected these muscles in six adult Pan troglodytes, five Pan paniscus of ages ranging from fetus to adult, and five adult Homo sapiens. Although Pan troglodytes are thought to lack a separate pectoralis abdominis muscle, we have identified this muscle in three of the Pan troglodytes; none of the Pan paniscus, however, had this muscle. We have also found deep supernumerary fascicles in the pectoralis major of two Pan troglodytes and all five Pan paniscus. In all six Pan troglodytes, the pectoralis minor was inserted at the supraspinatus tendon, while, in Pan paniscus and Homo sapiens, it was inserted at the coracoid process of the scapula. Some of the anatomic features and variations of these muscles in common chimpanzees and bonobos are similar to those found in humans, therefore enhancing our knowledge of primate comparative anatomy and evolution and also shedding light on several clinical issues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Inter- and Intraspecific Variations in the Pectoral Muscles of Common Chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes), Bonobos(Pan paniscus), and Humans(Homo sapiens)

Potau

Arias-Martorell

Bello-Hellegouarch

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Relationships among Coracobrachialis, Biceps Brachii, and Pectoralis Minor Muscles and Their Correlation with Bifurcated Coracoid Process

Zielinska

Tubbs

Podgórski

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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The aim of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between the proximal attachment of the coracobrachialis muscle and the short head of the biceps brachii and the distal attachment of the pectoralis minor. Their correlation with the bifurcated coracoid process (CP) will be also assessed. On the basis of these observations, a new classification of structures attached to the coracoid process is proposed. Classical anatomical dissection was performed on one hundred forty-five upper limbs. Three types of relationship between the coracobrachialis muscle and the short head of the biceps brachii were observed in the cadavers. In type I (occurring in 54%), the coracobrachialis and the short head of the biceps brachii created a common junction attached to a single CP. Type II was divided into two subtypes (a and b). Subtype IIa (frequency 10%) was represented by independent proximal attachments of the short head of the biceps brachii and the coracobrachialis muscles to the CP. In subtype IIb (frequency 5%), the coracobrachialis muscle was two-headed (the first head located under the second) and not connected to the short head of the biceps brachii; all heads were attached to a single CP. Type III (frequency 31%) was characterized by a two-headed coracobrachialis muscle, the first head originating from a bifurcated CP laterally to the short head of the biceps brachii and the second medially to this structure. Different variations connected with the mentioned structures could be problematic for surgeons during operations, so detailed knowledge of them could contribute to more efficient procedures.

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Exploring Anatomic Variants to Enhance Anatomy Teaching: Musculus Sternalis

et al. 2020

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The opportunity to encounter and appreciate the range of human variation in anatomic structures—and its potential impact on related structures, function, and treatment—is one of the chief benefits of cadaveric dissection for students in clinical preprofessional programs. The dissection lab is also where students can examine unusual anatomic variants that may not be included in their textbooks, lab manuals, or other course materials. For students specializing in physical medicine, awareness and understanding of muscle variants has a practical relevance to their preparations for clinical practice. In a routine dissection of the superficial chest muscles, graduate students in a human gross anatomy class exposed a large, well-developed sternalis muscle. The exposure of this muscle generated many student questions about M sternalis: its prevalence and appearance, its function, its development, and its evolutionary roots. Students used an inquiry protocol to guide their searches through relevant literature to gather this information. Instructors developed a decision tree to assist students in their inquiries, both by helping them to make analytic inferences and by highlighting areas of interest needing further investigation. Answering these questions enriches the understanding and promotes “habits of mind” for exploring musculoskeletal anatomy beyond simple descriptions of function and structure.

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An Accessory Muscle of Pectoral Region: A Case Repor

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Inter- and Intraspecific Variations in the Pectoral Muscles of Common Chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes), Bonobos(Pan paniscus), and Humans(Homo sapiens)

Inter- and Intraspecific Variations in the Pectoral Muscles of Common Chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes), Bonobos(Pan paniscus), and Humans(Homo sapiens)

Relationships among Coracobrachialis, Biceps Brachii, and Pectoralis Minor Muscles and Their Correlation with Bifurcated Coracoid Process

Exploring Anatomic Variants to Enhance Anatomy Teaching: Musculus Sternalis

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