An Accessible Tool to Measure Implicit Approach-Avoidance Tendencies Towards Food Outside the Lab

Beers, Jasper J. van; Kaneko, Daisuke; Stuldreher, Ivo V.; Zech, Hilmar; Brouwer, Anne-Marie

doi:10.1145/3395035.3425647

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For future studies, it would also be of interest to investigate if and how possible cross-cultural differences in food neophobia influence different measures of affective food experience. Finally, for adding another dimension of food experience, it would be valuable to include implicit measures of approach-avoidance motivation such as EEG alpha asymmetry (Harmon-Jones et al, 2010;Brouwer et al, 2017) or a behavioral approach-avoidance task Piqueras-Fiszman et al, 2014;Van Beers et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in Implicit Measurements

2022

Frontiers Research Topics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in Implicit Measurements

2022

Frontiers Research Topics

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“…Data from the mAAT app were processed using the expanded mAAT processing toolbox, as described in [23]. The toolbox is freely available for download at https:// github.com/Jasper-van-beers/AAT (accessed on 30 November 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cases where complex stimuli are used, such a factor may be the time it takes to recognize a stimulus. We recently improved the usability and analysis of the data generated by the mAAT [ 23 ], including calculating the new variable of mAAT distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Implicit Approach–Avoidance Tendencies towards Food Using a Mobile Phone outside the Lab

Brouwer¹,

Beers²,

Sabu³

et al. 2021

Foods

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Implicit (‘unconscious’) approach–avoidance tendencies towards stimuli can be measured using the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT). We recently expanded a toolbox for analyzing the raw data of a novel, mobile version of the AAT (mAAT), that asks participants to move their phone towards their face (pull) or away (push) in response to images presented on the phone. We here tested the mAAT reaction time and the mAAT distance in a study with 71 Dutch participants that were recruited online and performed an experiment without coming to the laboratory. The participants used both the mAAT and (explicit) rating scales to respond to photographic images of food. As hypothesized, the rated wanting, rated valence and mAAT reaction time indicated a preference for palatable over unpalatable food, and for Dutch over Asian food. Additionally, as expected, arousal was rated higher for unpalatable than for palatable food, and higher for Dutch than for Asian food. The mAAT distance indicated that the unpalatable food images were moved across larger distances, regardless of the movement direction (pull or push), compared to the palatable food images; and the Dutch food images were moved across larger distances than the Asian food images. We conclude that the mAAT can be used to implicitly probe approach–avoidance motivation for complex images in the food domain. The new measure of mAAT distance may be used as an implicit measure of arousal. The ratings and the mAAT measures do not reflect the exact same information and may complement each other. Implicit measures, such as mAAT variables, are particularly valuable when response biases that can occur when using explicit ratings are expected.

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“…For future studies, it would also be of interest to investigate if and how possible cross-cultural differences in food neophobia influence different measures of affective food experience. Finally, for adding another dimension of food experience, it would be valuable to include implicit measures of approach-avoidance motivation such as EEG alpha asymmetry (Harmon-Jones et al, 2010 ; Brouwer et al, 2017 ) or a behavioral approach-avoidance task (Solarz, 1960 ; Piqueras-Fiszman et al, 2014 ; Van Beers et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Explicit and Implicit Measures for Assessing Cross-Cultural Food Experience

Kaneko

Stuldreher

Reuten

et al. 2021

Front. Neuroergonomics

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The present study investigated the potential of implicit physiological measures to provide objective measures of affective food experience in contrast to explicit self-report ratings in a cross-cultural context. Dutch and Thai participants viewed 120 food images portraying universal food image categories (regular and molded food) and cultural food image categories (typically Dutch and Thai food). The universal food images were taken as ground truth high and low valence stimuli, where we assumed no genuine difference in affective experience between nationalities. In contrast, for the cultural food images, we did expect a genuine difference between nationalities. Participants were asked to rate valence, arousal and liking of each food image. In addition, heart rate (HR) and phasic electrodermal activity (EDA) responses to the images were recorded. Typically Asian and Western response biases were found for explicit ratings of regular and molded food with an extreme response style for Dutch, and a middle response style for Thai participants. However, such bias was not observed in HR. For cultural food image categories, HR showed the hypothesized interaction between participant nationality and food image category, reflecting the expected genuine difference between nationalities in affective food experience. Besides presenting participants with images, we also asked participants to taste typically Thai and Dutch drinks. Similar to images, a significant interaction between participant nationality and cultural food category was found for HR. An interaction was also found for sip size, while this was not seen in explicit measures. We attribute this to differences in the moment that these measures were taken. In this study, phasic EDA did not appear to be a sensitive measure of affective food experience, possibly since stimuli mostly differed in valence rather than arousal. To conclude, our study constitutes an example where cultural bias negatively affected the accuracy of self-reports, and only the implicit physiological measures followed the prior expectations of genuine food experience, indicating the potential of these measures to study cross-cultural food experience.

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An Accessible Tool to Measure Implicit Approach-Avoidance Tendencies Towards Food Outside the Lab

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Developments in Implicit Measurements

Developments in Implicit Measurements

Measuring Implicit Approach–Avoidance Tendencies towards Food Using a Mobile Phone outside the Lab

Comparing Explicit and Implicit Measures for Assessing Cross-Cultural Food Experience

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