An accelerated nutrition transition in Iran

Ghassemi, Hossein; Harrison, Gail G.; Mohammad, Kazem

doi:10.1079/phn2001287

Cited by 364 publications

(316 citation statements)

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“…Monitoring these developments and creating sustainable urban environments remain crucial issues on the international development agenda." -United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/ Population Division (UN, 2004) of various infectious and chronic diseases, exposure to environmental pollution, poor mental health, increased tobacco, alcohol, and drug use, higher risk of injury, and higher crime rates (Ghassemi, Harrison, & Mohammad, 2002;Gracey, 2002;Keiser, Utzinger, Caldas de Castro, Smith, Tanner, & Singer, 2004;McMichael, 2000;Montgomery, Stren, Cohen, & Reed, 2003;Mutatkar, 1995;Popkin, 2001;Popkin & Gordon-Larsen, 2004;Vlahov & Galea, 2002;Vorster, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the urban environment: A scale measure of urbanicity outperforms the urban–rural dichotomy

Dahly

Adair

2007

Social Science & Medicine

189

209

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The rapid urbanization of the developing world has important consequences for human health. Although several authorities have called for better research on the relationships between urbanicity and health, most researchers still use a poor measurement of urbanicity, the urban-rural dichotomy. Our goal was to construct a scale of urbanicity using community level data from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. We used established scale development methods to validate the new measure and tested its performance against the dichotomy. The new scale illustrated misclassification by the urban-rural dichotomy, and was able to detect differences in urbanicity, both between communities and across time, that were not apparent before. Furthermore, using a continuous measure of urbanicity allowed for better illustrations of the relationships between urbanicity and health. The new scale is a better measure of urbanicity than the traditionally used urban-rural dichotomy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the urban environment: A scale measure of urbanicity outperforms the urban–rural dichotomy

Dahly

Adair

2007

Social Science & Medicine

189

209

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“…Moreover, the nutrition transition that is taking place in Iran results in an imbalance of dietary intake (29) . Regarding these mentioned issues, the risk status of Iranian adolescents and the importance of nutritional measures become revealed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diet quality among Iranian adolescents needs improvement

Azadbakht

Akbari

Esmaillzadeh

2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Diet in adolescence is important not only because of adolescents' rapid growth but also due to its influence on future chronic diseases. On the other hand, dietary quality indices are noteworthy and useful approaches to evaluate dietary intakes. Thus the present study was conducted to assess dietary quality indices in adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional. Settings: The data were collected from schools in Isfahan, Iran. Subjects: Female students (n 265) aged 11-13 years were enrolled using systematic cluster-random sampling in Isfahan (Iran). Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated FFQ. Diet quality indices including dietary diversity score (DDS), the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) across ten nutrients were calculated. Results: Mean DDS, HEI score and MAR were 6·15 (SD 1·61) out of 10 points, 63·90 (SD 19·86) out of 100 points and 1·32 (SD 0·61), respectively. Mean nutrient adequacy ratio of all nutrients was above 1 except for vitamin D (0·53 (SD 0·51)). Those in the highest tertile of DDS had the most favourable anthropometric variables in comparison to the lowest tertile. There were no significant associations between HEI score and BMI, central or abdominal obesity and blood pressure. Those in the highest tertile of MAR had higher BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference. Conclusions: Diet quality of Isfahani adolescents needs improvement. It may imply the necessity of implementing nutritional instructive policies in this age group and their parents.

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“…The burden of NCD in developing countries is reported to be 77?9 % (13) , despite high prevalences of malnutrition disorders (including protein-energy malnutrition, Fe-deficiency anaemia and iodine-deficiency disorders) in these countries (4,14) . The high prevalence of NCD worldwide, especially in the Middle East and North Africa, has been attributed to rapid changes in the structure of dietary patterns (2,4,13,(15)(16)(17) . Findings from several studies that investigated changes in dietary patterns in the European Union, Latin American and Mediterranean countries (6,(18)(19)(20) have revealed similar patterns of dietary change and food availability worldwide.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dietary trends in the Middle East and North Africa: an ecological study (1961 to 2007)

Golzarand

Mirmiran

Jessri

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Middle Eastern and North African countries are undergoing nutrition transition, a transition which is associated with an increased burden of noncommunicable diseases. This necessitates the evaluation of dietary patterns in these regions. The present study aimed to assess changes in dietary patterns in Middle Eastern and North African countries between 1961 and 2007. Design: Availability of energy and fifteen main food items during 1961-2007 was examined using FAO food balance sheets from the FAOSTAT database. Setting: Fifteen countries including nine in the Middle East and six in North Africa were selected and the average availability of total energy and different food items in these regions were compared. Results: Over the 47 years studied, energy and food availability (apart from animal fats and alcoholic beverages) has increased in the Middle East and North Africa. In both regions the proportion of energy derived from meat and vegetable oils has increased significantly while that from cereals decreased significantly. In addition, the proportion of energy from milk and dairy products and vegetables has shown an ascending trend in North Africa while the proportion of energy from fruits has shown a descending trend in the Middle East. Conclusions: The study results reveal an unfavourable trend towards a Westernized diet in the Middle East and, to a certain extent, in North Africa. Tailored nutritional education encouraging healthy eating for prevention of the burden of chronic diseases in these countries seems essential.

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An accelerated nutrition transition in Iran

Cited by 364 publications

References 1 publication

Quantifying the urban environment: A scale measure of urbanicity outperforms the urban–rural dichotomy

Quantifying the urban environment: A scale measure of urbanicity outperforms the urban–rural dichotomy

Diet quality among Iranian adolescents needs improvement

Dietary trends in the Middle East and North Africa: an ecological study (1961 to 2007)

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