An acarine predator‐prey population infesting roses

Burnett, T.

doi:10.1007/bf02512628

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The pattern one typically observes is that of a build up of plants, followed by an outbreak of herbivores. Outbreaks of spider mites follow qualitatively the same scenario (Burnett, 1979). The regularity in the outbreaks in the current models is caused by the unrealistically low densities that are allowed in these models (Mollison, 1991 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Prey dispersal and predator persistence

Jansen

Sabelis

1992

Exp Appl Acarol

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To understand how patchiness influences population dynamics of a tri-trophic interaction, a tractable model is formulated in terms of differential equations. Motivated by the structure of systems such as plants, phytophagous mites and predatory mites, the model takes dispersal into account at the middle trophic level. The effect of dispersal for the middle level in a tri-trophic system could be either stabilising or destabilising since the middle level acts both as prey and as predator. First a simple model with logistic growth for the lowest level is formulated. A model with logistic growth for the lowest level and instantaneous dispersal has a globally stable three-species equilibrium, if this equilibrium exists. Addition of a middle level dispersal phase of non-negligible duration influences equilibrium stability. In the absence of the top trophic level a limit cycle can occur, caused by the delay that exists in the reaction of the middle level to the changes in the lowest level. With low predator efficiency, it is also possible to have an unstable three-species equilibrium. So addition of a middle level dispersal phase of non-negligible duration can work destabilising. Next the persistence of the third trophic tevet is studied. Even when the three-species equilibrium exists, the third trophic level need not be persistent. A two-species limit cycle can keep its stability when a three-species equilibrium exists; the system is then bistable. It is argued that such a bistability can offer an alternative explanation for pesticide-induced outbreaks of spider mites and failure of predator introduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Prey dispersal and predator persistence

Jansen

Sabelis

1992

Exp Appl Acarol

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“…Huffaker, 1958;Huffaker et al, 1963;Force, 1967;Takafuji, 1977;Takafuji et al, 1981 ), in glasshouses (e.g. (McMurtry and Sciven, 1966;Markkula and Tiittanen, 1976;Burnett, 1970Burnett, , 1979Nachman, 1981a), and in the field {e.g. McMurtry and Johnson, 1966).…”

Section: Experimental Evidence Of Spatio-temporal Dynamics In Acarinementioning

confidence: 97%

“…One of the questions these investigations have tried to answer is whether longterm coexistence of tetranychid prey and phytoseiid predators is possible. Smallscale laboratory experiments with spider mites and predatory mites invariably lead to the extinction of one or both mite species after one or two predator/ prey cycles (e.g., Bernstein, 1985;Sabelis and van der Meer, 1986), whereas larger and more complex systems in glasshouses (e.g., Markkula and Tiitta-0168-8162/88/$03.50 nen, 1976;Burnett, 1979;Nachman 1981a) appeared considerably more persistent, indicating that long-term coexistence may actually be possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional persistence of locally unstable predator/prey populations

Nachman

1988

Exp Appl Acarol

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Nachman. G., 1988. Regional persistence of locally unstable predator/prey populations. Exp. Appl.Acarol., 5: 293-318.Phb¢oseiid mites are efficient predators capable of completely destroying colonies of spider mites. Thus, coexistence of phytoseiids and their tetranychid prey at a local scale (typically an individual plant) is not likely for more than a single predator/prey cycle. However, the species may coexist at a regional scale, i.e. in a complex environment consisting of many plants, provided local colonisations, extinctions and recolonisations occur asynchronously. This review investigates some of the factors responsible for establishing and maintaining spatial asynchrony between local populations of prey and predators, such as dispersal, environmental heterogeneity and demographic stochasticity. Existing predator/prey models are considered in order to find agreement between theory and empirical data. Based on our current knowledge of spatial processes and their importance for the overall dynamics and persistence of predator/prey interactions, some consequences and aspects for biological control of crop pests by means of natural enemies are outlined.

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“…Firstly, most experiments (e.g. Huffaker, 1958;Huffaker et al, 1963;McMurtry and van de Vrie, 1973;Burnett, 1979;Takafuji et al, 1983 ) were carried out over rather short periods; had the experiments been continued one may wonder what would happen to population persistence. Secondly, most, if not all experiments, show large cycles in the overall population, suggesting coupling of local cycles, rather than decoupling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, we suspect that much of the cycles demonstrated by Huffaker (1958) and Huffaker et al (1963) may be due to the lucky few females that survived during the population troughs. Burnett's (1979) and Nachman's (1981) experiments in glasshouses also showed overall population cycles, making it difficult to distinguish between the role of asynchrony and that of survival in very small populations. Finally, all these experiments suffer from the fact that arbitrary initial :numbers of predators and prey were introduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A demonstration of asynchronous local cycles in an acarine predator-prey system

et al. 1992

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A demonstration of asynchronous local cycles in an acarine predator-prey system van de Klashorst, G.; Readshaw, J.L.; Sabelis, M.W.; Lingeman, R. General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Download date: 11 May 2018Experimental & Applied Acarology, 14 (1992) Population fluctuations in a continuous predator-prey system consisting of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch and its predator, Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt, were assessed for almost 2 years (ca. 50 prey generations), on six mini-orchards of young apple trees in a climatically controlled glasshouse. During the first half of the experiment the plants were either 'connected' to each other with dowel rods or 'unconnected' and separate. In the second half, the plants were all 'connected'. Population densities of both prey and predator on the unconnected mini-orchards were always higher than on the connected ones. Within the mini-orchards ( = local scale), prey and predator populations go through a pattem of large amplitude cycles which continued throughout the experimental period. At the regional scale (mean over all mini-orchards) two types of fluctuations were observed. Large amplitude fluctuations associated with synchrony of the local cycles and small amplitude fluctuations associated with periods when local population cycles are proceeding out of phase. Transition from synchronous to asynchronous cycles took place very fast (within a few weeks), suggesting a mechanism generating asynchrony and possibly also partial refuges, which in turn trigger stabilising mechanisms at a regional scale. Causes of the synchrony are unclear. They may relate to the application of a pesticide (pirimicarb) used to control aphids, but there may just as well be an indirect form of causation, e.g. whereby the factors that promote aphid outbreaks also promote spider-mite population growth and temporary escape from control by the predators. Despite the synchronising factors the predator-prey system persisted, without external inputs, at a fairly small spatial scale, the size of a .,;mall glasshouse. Assessing the spatial scale and heterogeneity whereby decoupling of local cycles is sufficient for the cycles to proceed out of phase, remains an important area of experimental research. The experiment reported here p...

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An acarine predator‐prey population infesting roses

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Prey dispersal and predator persistence

Prey dispersal and predator persistence

Regional persistence of locally unstable predator/prey populations

A demonstration of asynchronous local cycles in an acarine predator-prey system

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