An abundantly expressed mucin-like protein from Toxocara canis infective larvae: the precursor of the larval surface coat glycoproteins.

Gems, David; Maizels, Rick M.

doi:10.1073/pnas.93.4.1665

Cited by 82 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In the case of Srf, there is indirect evidence that the antigen recognized by monoclonal antibodies is an Olinked glycoprotein (Hemmer et al 1991), and this is consistent with the finding of mucin-like glycoproteins in a variety of nematode species (Gems and Maizels 1996;Loukas et al 2000;Theodoropoulos et al 2001). Again, the simplest model is that glycosylation defects in srf-3, bus-4, bus-12, and bus-17 mutants lead directly to loss or aberration of a glycan-containing epitope in the surface coat.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Caenorhabditis elegans Mutants Resistant to Attachment of Yersinia Biofilms

et al. 2007

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The detailed composition and structure of the Caenorhabditis elegans surface are unknown. Previous genetic studies used antibody or lectin binding to identify srf genes that play roles in surface determination. Infection by Microbacterium nematophilum identified bus (bacterially unswollen) genes that also affect surface characteristics. We report that biofilms produced by Yersinia pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis, which bind the C. elegans surface predominantly on the head, can be used to identify additional surface-determining genes. A screen for C. elegans mutants with a biofilm absent on the head (Bah) phenotype identified three novel genes: bah-1, bah-2, and bah-3. The bah-1 and bah-2 mutants have slightly fragile cuticles but are neither Srf nor Bus, suggesting that they are specific for surface components involved in biofilm attachment. A bah-3 mutant has normal cuticle integrity, but shows a stage-specific Srf phenotype. The screen produced alleles of five known surface genes: srf-2, srf-3, bus-4, bus-12, and bus-17. For the X-linked bus-17, a paternal effect was observed in biofilm assays.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Caenorhabditis elegans Mutants Resistant to Attachment of Yersinia Biofilms

et al. 2007

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“…The major constituents of TES antigens are now characterized as mucins, C-type lectins and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein and are designated as TES-26, TES-32, TES-45, TES-55, TES-70, TES-120 and TES-400, according to their MWs on SDS-PAGE (Maizels et al 1984, Meghji & Maizels 1986, Gems et al 1995, Gems & Maizels 1996, Loukas et al 1999.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot test for the confirmatory serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis

Roldán

Espinoza

2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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To improve the serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis, a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB-IgG) test was developed and evaluated using Toxocara canis larvae excretory-secretory antigens for detecting anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies. The EITB-IgG profile of toxocariasis was characterized by comparing 27 sera from patients with toxocariasis, 110 sera from healthy subjects and 186 sera from patients with other helminth diseases (ascariasis, ancylostomiasis, trichuriasis, enterobiasis, strongyloidiasis, hymenolepiasis, diphyllobothriasis, taeniasis, cysticercosis, hydatidosis and fascioliasis). Antigenic bands of 24, 28, 30, 35, 56, 117, 136

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“…SXC domains were first found in a lipid-binding protein in the infective larval surface coat of Toxocara canis (43), and the only homologs that could be found at the time were predicted proteins from C. elegans. SXC domains have since been identified in other nematode proteins, including mucins from T. canis tissue larvae (44,76,84), and in ESTs from B. malayi and over 70 ESTs from C. elegans, where they are found fused to metalloprotease and tyrosinase domains (15). The role of the SXC motif is unknown, but all nematode proteins containing this cassette possess a signal peptide (where the 5Ј end of the gene has been obtained), suggesting an extracellular role.…”

Section: Six-cysteine Domains In Hookworm Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Responses in Hookworm Infections

2001

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Hookworms infect perhaps one-fifth of the entire human population, yet little is known about their interaction with our immune system. The two major species are Necator americanus, which is adapted to tropical conditions, and Ancylostoma duodenale, which predominates in more temperate zones. While having many common features, they also differ in several key aspects of their biology. Host immune responses are triggered by larval invasion of the skin, larval migration through the circulation and lungs, and worm establishment in the intestine, where adult worms feed on blood and mucosa while injecting various molecules that facilitate feeding and modulate host protective responses. Despite repeated exposure, protective immunity does not seem to develop in humans, so that infections occur in all age groups (depending on exposure patterns) and tend to be prolonged. Responses to both larval and adult worms have a characteristic T-helper type 2 profile, with activated mast cells in the gut mucosa, elevated levels of circulating immunoglobulin E, and eosinoophilia in the peripheral blood and local tissues, features also characteristic of type I hypersensitivity reactions. The longevity of adult hookworms is determined probably more by parasite genetics than by host immunity. However, many of the proteins released by the parasites seem to have immunomodulatory activity, presumably for self-protection. Advances in molecular biotechnology enable the identification and characterization of increasing numbers of these parasite molecules and should enhance our detailed understanding of the protective and pathogenetic mechanisms in hookworm infections

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An abundantly expressed mucin-like protein from Toxocara canis infective larvae: the precursor of the larval surface coat glycoproteins.

Cited by 82 publications

References 41 publications

Caenorhabditis elegans Mutants Resistant to Attachment of Yersinia Biofilms

Caenorhabditis elegans Mutants Resistant to Attachment of Yersinia Biofilms

Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot test for the confirmatory serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis

Immune Responses in Hookworm Infections

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