An abnormal birth in bovine suspected of being caused by Peaton virus first occurred in Shikoku region, Japan

Abstract

Peaton virus (PEAV) is a type of arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus, much like Akabane virus and Aino virus. These arboviruses cause stillbirth and congenital malformations of fetuses in ruminants. In Japan, abnormal birth in bovine caused by PEAV were reported in Okinawa, Kyushu, and Chugoku regions, but it has never been reported in Shikoku region. The abnormal birth occurred in 2020 in Ehime Prefecture (Shikoku region) and suspected of being caused by PEAV from results of clinical signs, pathological findings, and virus neutralization test using PEAV. However, PEAV was not detected and isolated. This report describes the case of abnormal birth in bovine suspected of being caused by PEAV first occurred in Shikoku region, Japan.

Serological survey of Peaton virus among wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) in Ehime Prefecture, Japan

“…In 2020, congenital abnormalities in a newborn calf, which might be due to Peaton virus (PEAV), was reported in Ehime Prefecture, Shikoku region, Japan [ 17 ]. PEAV belongs to the order Bunyavirales , family Peribunyaviridae , genus Orthobunyavirus , Simbu serogroup, and is a negative-sense, single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus.…”

“…Simbu serogroup viruses can cause abortions, stillbirths, and congenital abnormalities of fetuses in ruminants, particularly AKAV and AINOV leading to severe economic losses in the cattle industry [ 2 , 16 ]. Based on previous reports, PEAV also causes stillbirths and congenital abnormalities in bovines similar to AKAV and AINOV, but this virus and its pathogenicity have not been proven by experimental infection [ 1 , 8 , 11 , 17 ]. This study aimed to reveal the possibility of PEAV infection in wild boars by conducting a serological survey between 2021 and 2022 in Ehime Prefecture, Japan.…”

“…By contrast, PEAV could infect cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, horses, camels, deer, and pigs, but it remains unknown whether PEAV infects wild boars [ 1 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 17 ]. Therefore, wild boars could contribute to the maintenance of AKAV in the natural transmission cycle, but their role in the maintenance of PEAV remains unclear.…”

“…A serological survey of PEAV was conducted by performing the virus neutralization (VN) test using the PEAV strain KSB-1/P/06 isolated in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan [ 8 ]. The VN test was performed in accordance with a previously reported method [ 17 ]. Serum samples were inactivated at 56°C for 30 min and serially diluted twofold using Eagle’s minimum essential medium (EMEM) (Nissui, Tokyo, Japan) containing 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in 96-well cell culture microplates.…”

“…In addition, the seroconversion of antibodies against PEAV in sentinel cattle was not observed during 2020 and 2021. In a previous report, the seroconversion of antibodies against PEAV was observed in sentinel cattle in 2019 in Ehime Prefecture, Japan [ 17 ]. Kato et al reported that PEAV is introduced with the infected vectors from overseas to Japan by seasonal winds every year, and it is considered that PEAV is not always present in Japan because the vectors cannot survive in winter in Japan [ 4 ].…”