“…Under the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chain risk mitigation among firms in different operations is a critical aspect to be addressed based on various strategies. For example, the following topics are examined in the recent literature: Using mobile logistics to support service operations ( Choi 2020 ), sourcing from alternative supplier selection ( Chen et al, 2021 ), increasing the supplier base, insourcing, keeping additional inventory ( Rönkkö et al, 2021 ), making use of blockchain ( Choi & Shi, 2022a ) and other technologies ( Xu et al 2021 ), and supply guarantee deposit payments ( Choi & Shi, 2022b ). In the related literature, Mwesiumo et al (2021) stress the need for building a closer buyer-supplier relationship to deal with the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.…”