An 800‐year ultraviolet radiation record inferred from sedimentary pigments in the Ross Sea area, East Antarctica

Abstract

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) was used to analyse deposited pigments (including chlorophyll a, phaeophytin a, canthaxanthin, echinenone, zeaxanthin, scytonemin and mycosporine‐like amino acids) from two sediment profiles of ponds in the Ross Sea area, East Antarctica. We explored the sources and characteristics of each pigment, reconstructed an 800‐year record of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and total incoming light intensity, and identified the possible factors that may have influenced historical UVR changes in this region. The results indicated at least four UVR peaks during the past 800 years, corresponding to c. AD 1950–2000, 1720–1790, 1560–1630 and 1350–1480, with the intensity from the most recent sediments being the highest. A comparison between the changes in UVR and total incoming light intensity showed similar patterns between AD 1720 and 1830, suggesting that factors controlling the UVR intensity in the Ross Sea area may be related to insolation fluctuation at that time. The two proxies are, however, weakly correlated during other periods. Historically, there is a relationship between the reconstructed UVR and solar activity, but this natural process may be strongly affected by multiple factors, including climate parameter change and anthropogenic activities during the modern times.

A rapid method to assess a broad inventory of organic species in marine sediments using ultra‐high resolution mass spectrometry

“…[6] Traditionally, organic sedimentary biomarkers used in paleoceanography have been analyzed using gas or liquid chromatography (GC and LC, respectively) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). [7][8][9] In order to improve chromatographic separation and detection of the species of interest, these methods usually include time-intensive sample preparation. While typically having good sensitivity, such targeted analyses are limited to only a small portion of sedimentary species.…”

Algal Community Change in Mountain Lakes of the Alps Reveals Effects of Climate Warming and Shifting Treelines1

“…2003, Chen et al. 2015). In conclusion, periphytic algae such as benthic diatoms are among the most robust algae that can cope with cold climates and high‐radiative conditions in alpine lakes.…”

“…2003, Xenopoulos and Frost 2003, Chen et al. 2015). In that context, the composition of algal communities and their remains as subfossil pigment assemblages vary as a function of temperature, nutrients, and dissolved substances (Guilizzoni et al.…”