An 800 year high-resolution black carbon ice-core record from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard

Osmont, Dimitri; Wendl, I. A.; Schmidely, Loïc; Sigl, Michael; Vega, Carmen P.; Isaksson, Elisabeth; Schwikowski-Gigar, Margit

doi:10.5194/acp-2018-244

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…In Figure 2, time series of black carbon (BC; Osmont et al, 2018), non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO 2− 4 ), and ammonium (NH + 4 ), both from Wendl et al (2015), are shown for the Lomo09 ice core. All three time series are influenced by anthropogenic emissions: BC originates primarily from fossil fuel and biomass burning; NH + 4 from agriculture, livestock, and biomass burning; and nss-SO 2− 4 from fossil fuel combustion and metal smelting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Ice Nucleating Particles in the European Arctic Over the Last Centuries

Hartmann

Blunier

Brügger

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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The historical development of ice nucleating particle concentrations (NINP) is still unknown. Here, we present for the first time NINP from the past 500 years at two Arctic sites derived from ice core samples. The samples originate from the EUROCORE ice core (Summit, Central Greenland) and from the Lomo09 ice core (Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard). No long‐term trend is obvious in the measured samples, and the overall range of NINP is comparable to present‐day observations. We observe that the short‐term variations in NINP is larger than the long‐term variability, but neither anthropogenic pollution nor volcanic eruptions seem to have influenced NINP in the measured temperature range. Shape and onset temperature of several INP spectra suggest that INP of biogenic origin contributed to the Arctic INP population throughout the past.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Ice Nucleating Particles in the European Arctic Over the Last Centuries

Hartmann

Blunier

Brügger

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…rBC analysis followed the method described by Wendl et al (2014): after sample melting at room temperature and a 25-min sonication in a ultrasonic bath, rBC was quantified using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2, Droplet Measurement Technologies, USA, Schwarz et al, 2006;Stephens et al, 2003) coupled to an APEX-Q jet nebulizer (Elemental Scientific Inc., USA). Further analytical details regarding calibration, reproducibility and autosampling method can be found in Osmont et al (2018). The samples were subsequently analyzed for 13 ions (5 cations: ammonium NH 4 + , https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-58 Preprint.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arienzo et al, 2017;Fischer et al, 2015;Keegan et al, 2014;Legrand et al, 2016;Zennaro et al, 2014) and high-altitude glaciers (see e.g. Brugger et al, 2018aBrugger et al, , 2019aEichler et al, 2011;Osmont et al, 2018Osmont et al, , 2019Yalcin et al, 2006) have a high potential since they record fire activity from regional to continental scales and usually provide well-constrained chronologies (see e.g. Herren et al, 2013;Konrad et al, 2013;Uglietti et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing devastating fires in Portugal to a snow archive in the Swiss Alps: a case study

Osmont¹,

Brügger²,

Gilgen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Recent large wildfires, such as those in Portugal in 2017, have devastating impacts on societies, economy, ecosystems and environments. However, wildfires are a natural phenomenon, which has been exacerbated by land use during the past millennia. Ice cores are one of the archives preserving information on fire occurrences over these timescales. A difficulty is that emission sensitivity of ice cores is often unknown, which constitutes a source of uncertainty in the interpretation of such archives. Information from specific and well-documented case studies is therefore useful to better understand the spatial representation of ice-core burning records. The wildfires near Pedrógão Grande in Central Portugal in 2017 provided a test bed to link a fire event to its footprint left in a high-alpine snowpack considered a surrogate for high-alpine ice-core sites. Here, we (1) analyzed black carbon (BC) and microscopic charcoal particles deposited in the snowpack close to the high-alpine research station Jungfraujoch in the Swiss Alps, (2) calculated backward trajectories based on ERA-Interim reanalysis data and simulated the transport of these carbonaceous particles using a global aerosol-climate model, and (3) analyzed the fire spread, its spatial and temporal extent, as well as its intensity, with remote sensing (e.g. MODIS) active fire and burned area products. A peak of atmospheric equivalent BC (eBC) observed at the Jungfraujoch research station on 22nd June, with elevated eBC levels until the 25th June, is in correspondence with a peak in refractory BC (rBC) and microscopic charcoal observed in the snow layer. rBC was mainly scavenged by wet deposition and we obtained scavenging ratios ranging from 81 to 91. Unlike for microscopic charcoal, the model did not well reproduce the observed rBC signal. Our study reveals that microscopic charcoal can be transported over long distances (1500 km), and that snow and ice archives are much more sensitive to distant events than sedimentary archives, for which the signal is dominated by local fires. Microscopic charcoal concentrations were exceptionally high since this single outstanding event deposited as many charcoal particles per day as during an average year in ice cores. This study unambiguously links the fire tracers in the snow with the highly intensive fires in Portugal, where a total burned area of 501 km2 was observed on the basis of satellite fire products. According to our simulations, this fire event emitted at least 203.5 tons of BC.

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“…The SP2 measures the number and size of rBC particles using laser-induced incandescence, and was used in a variety of studies for BC in snow and ice (Bisiaux et al, 2012a(Bisiaux et al, , 2012bCasey et al, 2017;Kaspari et al, 2014Kaspari et al, , 2015Kaspari et al, , 2011McConnell et al, 2007;Osmont et al, 2018aOsmont et al, , 2018b. In this work we use the recommended terminology by Petzold et al (2013) and present results from the SP2 as refractory black carbon (rBC).…”

Section: Rbc Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory Black carbon (rBC) variability in a 47-year West Antarctic Snow and Firn core

Marquetto¹,

Kaspari²,

Simões³

2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is an important climate-forcing agent that affects snow albedo. In this work, we present a record of refractory black carbon (rBC) variability, measured from a 20-meter deep snow and firn core drilled in West Antarctica (79°55'34.6"S, 94°21'13.3"W) during the 2014–2015 austral summer. The core was analyzed using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) coupled to a CETAC Marin-5 nebulizer. Results show a well-defined seasonality with geometric mean concentrations of 0.015 µg L−1 for the wet season (summer/fall) and 0.057 µg L−1 for the dry season (winter/spring). The core was dated to 47 years (1968–2015) using rBC seasonality as the main parameter, along with Na, S and Sr variations. The annual rBC concentration geometric mean was 0.03 µg L−1, the lowest of all rBC cores in Antarctica referenced in this work, while the annual rBC flux was 6.25 µg m−2 a−1, the lowest flux in West Antarctica records so far. No long-term trend was observed. Snow albedo changes in the site due to BC were simulated using SNICAR-online and found to be very low comparing to clean snow (−0.48 %). Fire spots inventory and BC emission estimates from the Southern Hemisphere suggest Australia and Southern Hemisphere South America as the most probable emission sources of BC to the drilling site. Spectral analysis (REDFIT method) of the BC record showed cycles related to the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) but not to El Niño Southern Oscillation ENSO, and comparison with time series of co-registered Na record suggest BC transport to the site not to be related to the intrusion of marine air masses.

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An 800 year high-resolution black carbon ice-core record from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard

Cited by 13 publications

References 69 publications

Variation of Ice Nucleating Particles in the European Arctic Over the Last Centuries

Variation of Ice Nucleating Particles in the European Arctic Over the Last Centuries

Tracing devastating fires in Portugal to a snow archive in the Swiss Alps: a case study

Refractory Black carbon (rBC) variability in a 47-year West Antarctic Snow and Firn core

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