An 8.4 Gbps real-time quantum random number generator based on quantum phase fluctuation

Lei, Wen; Xie, Zhihuang; Fang, Junbin; Shen, Weiqiang

doi:10.1007/s11128-020-02896-y

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…By now, several other schemes for QRNGs emerged, which provide even faster random bit rates using for instance the photon arrival time as the random variable. [ 425–427 ] The quantum phase fluctuation and vacuum state schemes achieve Gbps bandwidths [ 428–430 ] and do not rely on SPSs. Even faster QRNGs are available, [ 431 ] which are however limited by the electronics that are not capable of handling the amount of data in real‐time—similar to the issue of classical key reconciliation in practical QKD applications.…”

Section: Recent Progress On Building Blocks For Quantum Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Communication Using Semiconductor Quantum Dots

et al. 2022

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Worldwide, enormous efforts are directed toward the development of the so-called quantum internet. Turning this long-sought-after dream into reality is a great challenge that will require breakthroughs in quantum communication and computing. To establish a global, quantum-secured communication infrastructure, photonic quantum technologies will doubtlessly play a major role, by providing and interfacing essential quantum resources, for example, flying-and stationary qubits or quantum memories. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in the engineering of on-demand quantum light sources based on semiconductor quantum dots, which enable the generation of close-to-ideal single-and entangled-photon states, useful for applications in quantum information processing. This review focuses on implementations of, and building blocks for, quantum communication using quantum-light sources based on epitaxial semiconductor quantum dots. After reviewing the main notions of quantum communication and introducing the devices used for single-photon and entangled-photon generation, an overview of experimental implementations of quantum key distribution protocols using quantum dot based quantum light sources is provided. Furthermore, recent progress toward quantum-secured communication networks as well as building blocks thereof is summarized. The article closes with an outlook, discussing future perspectives in the field and identifying the main challenges to be solved.

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Section: Recent Progress On Building Blocks For Quantum Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Communication Using Semiconductor Quantum Dots

et al. 2022

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“…Random number generators based on quantum effects (QRNG) offer an information-theoretic provable way to produce an unpredictable bit stream. The technological developments of QRNGs are well advanced with differing physical implementations of the entropy source, such as path superposition [1], vacuum fluctuations [2, 3], photon number statistics [4], or laser phase noise [5,6].…”

Section: I) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum RNG Integration in an NG-PON2 Transceiver

Vokić

Milovančev

Pacher

et al. 2021

Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2021

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“…Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can produce true random numbers with characteristics of unpredictability, irreproducibility, and unbiasedness, which are guaranteed by the basic principle of quantum physics. Over the last two decades, various QRNG schemes have been demonstrated 1,2 , such as the beam splitter scheme by measuring the path selection of single photons 3,4 , the time measurement scheme by digitizing the arrival time of single photons [5][6][7][8] , the quantum phase fluctuation scheme by measuring phase fluctuations due to the spontaneous emission of laser [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] , and the vacuum state scheme by measuring quantum noise fluctuations [17][18][19][20][21][22] . Compared with the beam splitter scheme and the time measurement scheme, the quantum phase fluctuation scheme and the vacuum state scheme can easily achieve random bit rates up to Gbps, due to the fact that photodetectors instead of single-photon detectors are used in such schemes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For practical use, the most important parameters of QRNG are real-time output speed and module size. On one hand, ultrafast QRNGs depend not only on the high bandwidth of entropy source 12,15 , but also on the high-speed acquisition and postprocessing electronics 14,16,20 . Previously QRNG based on quantum phase fluctuation with the highest real-time a) Electronic mail: zhangjun@ustc.edu.cn rate of 8.4 Gbps has been demonstrated on a bulky experimental setup 16 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On one hand, ultrafast QRNGs depend not only on the high bandwidth of entropy source 12,15 , but also on the high-speed acquisition and postprocessing electronics 14,16,20 . Previously QRNG based on quantum phase fluctuation with the highest real-time a) Electronic mail: zhangjun@ustc.edu.cn rate of 8.4 Gbps has been demonstrated on a bulky experimental setup 16 . On the other hand, the emerging technologies of integrated quantum photonics have exhibited significant advantages in terms of size reduction for specific optical applications 23 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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18.8 Gbps real-time quantum random number generator with a photonic integrated chip

Bai,

Huang,

Qiao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can produce true random numbers. Yet, the two most important QRNG parameters highly desired for practical applications, i.e., speed and size, have to be compromised during implementations. Here, we present the fastest and miniaturized QRNG with a record real-time output rate as high as 18.8 Gbps by combining a photonic integrated chip and the technology of optimized randomness extraction. We assemble the photonic integrated circuit designed for vacuum state QRNG implementation, InGaAs homodyne detector and high-bandwidth transimpedance amplifier into a single chip using hybrid packaging, which exhibits the excellent characteristics of integration and high-frequency response. With a sample rate of 2.5 GSa/s in a 10-bit analog-to-digital converter and subsequent paralleled postprocessing in a field programmable gate array, the QRNG outputs ultrafast random bitstreams via a fiber optic transceiver, whose real-time speed is validated in a personal computer.

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An 8.4 Gbps real-time quantum random number generator based on quantum phase fluctuation

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Quantum Communication Using Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Quantum Communication Using Semiconductor Quantum Dots

Quantum RNG Integration in an NG-PON2 Transceiver

18.8 Gbps real-time quantum random number generator with a photonic integrated chip

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