An 18 nW −47/−40 dBm Sensitivity 3/100 kbps MEMS-Assisted CMOS Wake-Up Receiver

Soliman, Mazen; Kochhar, Abhay; Abdelsalam, Hoda; Pop, Flavius; Vidal-Álvarez, Gabriel; Weldon, Jeffrey A.; Piazza, Gianluca; Paramesh, Jeyanandh

doi:10.1109/tcsi.2019.2927999

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Due to absence of the FC stages, almost all the WuRXs from this class rely closely on bulky off-chip high-Q components to build IMN and achieve band selection and passive voltage gain [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Since the Q-factor decreases significantly as the carrier frequency increases, these WuRXs are further constrained to applications with frequencies below 1 GHz.…”

Section: Direct Rf Signal Detection Receiversmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the Q-factor decreases significantly as the carrier frequency increases, these WuRXs are further constrained to applications with frequencies below 1 GHz. 400 − 500-MHz is a particular frequency range that attracts most of the state-of-the-art WuRXs from this class to locate in, for instance [10,12,13,[16][17][18][19]. Furthermore, due to insufficient gain at the RF path, they may easily suffer from lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the BB and hence obtain a worse sensitivity compared to FC WuRXs.…”

Section: Direct Rf Signal Detection Receiversmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wakeup error rate is the ratio between the number of missed detected wake-up packets and the number of total wake-up packets sent into a WuRX. However, when a WuRX is not equipped with a correlator and not able to detect a wake-up code, BER has to be used for characterisation of the sensitivity, for instance, [12,13,22,31].…”

Section: Latencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, since such high-Q passive components are only available at lower frequencies ≤2. 4 GHz, state-of-the-art WuRXs have been designed also in these frequencies, for instance, 400 − 500-MHz WuRXs from [10,12,13,[16][17][18][19] and 2.4-GHz WuRXs from [6,[20][21][22][23][24]. Nevertheless, the antenna size for such low-frequency WuRXs or related transceivers has to be large to maintain sufficient gain, thus limiting the system integration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, state-of-the-art WuRXs focus primarily on a high sensitivity by using a possibly low-power consumption. To simultaneously achieve both the metrics, off-chip high-Q components such as high-Q coils [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], MEMS-based [12][13][14] or BAW-based [15] input matching networks (IMN) were often used. While they provide the WuRXs with a narrow RF bandwidth and a high passive voltage gain, these bulky components also reduce the system compactness and increase the integration cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 5.5–7.5‐GHz band‐configurable wake‐up receiver fully integrated in 45‐nm RF‐SOI CMOS

Protze

Ellinger

2022

IET Circuits, Devices & Syst

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This work investigates a 5.5–7.5‐GHz band‐configurable duty‐cycled wake‐up receiver (WuRX) fully implemented in a 45‐nm radio‐frequency (RF) silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Based on an uncertain intermediate frequency (IF) super‐heterodyne receiver (RX) topology, the WuRX analogue front‐end (AFE) incorporates a 5.5–7.5‐GHz band‐tunable low‐power low‐noise amplifier, a low‐power Gilbert mixer, a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), a 100‐MHz IF band‐pass filter (BPF), an envelope detector, a comparator, a pulse generator and a current reference. By application of duty cycling with a low duty cycle below 1%, the power consumption of the AFE was significantly reduced. In addition, the on‐chip digital bank‐end consists of a frequency divider, a phase corrector, a 31‐bit correlator and a serial peripheral interface. A proof‐of‐concept WuRX circuit occupying an area of 1200 μm by 900 μm has been fabricated in a GlobalFoundries 45‐nm RF‐SOI CMOS technology. Measurement results show that at a data rate of 64 bps, the entire WuRX consumes only 2.3 μW. Tested at 8 operation bands covering 5.5–7.7 GHz, the WuRX has a measured sensitivity between −67.5 dBm and −72.4 dBm at a wake‐up error rate of 10−3. With the sensitivity unchanged, the data rate of the WuRX can be scaled up to 8.2 kbps. To the authors' best knowledge, this work offers the largest RF bandwidth from 5.5 to 7.5 GHz, the most operation channels (≥8) and the fastest settling time (<115 ns) among the WuRXs reported to date.

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