Amyloid Tumor in the Anterior Mediastinum: Report of a Case

Takamori, Shinzo; Yano, Hirohisa; Hayashi, Akira; Fukunaga, Mari; Miwa, Keisuke; Maeshiro, Kanetaka; Shirouzu, Kazuo

doi:10.1007/s00595-004-2750-4

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Radiologically, vascular lesions and other bone tumors arising from the sternum may be comparable to thymoma, which make it difficult to differentiate between these tumors. Scattered calcifications have been reported in thymic amyloid tumors as well [20]. Moreover, mediastinal calcifications have been associated with other lesions like germ cell tumors, including mature teratoma, thyroid tumors, mesothelioma, lymphoma, and other anterior rare mediastinal lesions such as mesenchymal tumors [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymoma calcification: Is it clinically meaningful?

et al. 2011

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Among anterior mediastinal lesions, thymoma is the most common. Thymomas are tumors of thymic epithelial cell origin that are distinguished by inconsistent histological and biologic behavior. Chest imaging studies typically show a round or lobulated tumor in the anterior mediastinum. Calcifications in thymomas are classically punctuate or amorphous, positioned within the lesion. Chest computed tomography (CT) features suggesting higher risk thymoma consist of tumor heterogeneity, vascular involvement, lobulation, pulmonary nodules, lymphadenopathy, and pleural manifestations. Imaging findings have an imperfect ability to predict stage and prognosis for thymoma patients. Our objective is to highlight the clinical implications of thymoma calcifications on the diagnosis, clinical manifestation and prognosis. A pubmed and google search was performed using the following words: thymoma calcification, calcified thymus, mediastinal calcification, anterior mediastinal calcification, and calcified thymoma. After reviewing 370 articles, 32 eligible articles describing thymoma calcifications were found and included in this review. Although the presence of thymus calcifications was more common in patients with invasive thymomas, they were present in significant portion of non-invasive thymomas. The presence of calcifications was not a significant factor in differentiating between benign and malignant thymoma. As a result, the type, location, size or other characteristics of thymus gland calcifications were not relevant features in clinical and radiologic diagnosis of thymoma. The histopathological diagnosis is still the only possible way to confirm the neoplastic nature of thymoma. All types of thymomas should be evaluated and managed independently of the presence of calcifications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymoma calcification: Is it clinically meaningful?

et al. 2011

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“…One was the AA type (11) while the other was the AL type (2). The first case was reported by Takamori et al (11) in 2004.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One was the AA type (11) while the other was the AL type (2). The first case was reported by Takamori et al (11) in 2004. They described a thymic mass that was composed of amorphous hyaline materials and was accompanied by a 5 yr history of rheumatoid arthritis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Localized amlydoidosis may produce grossly detectable nodular masses, mostly in the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx), lip, colon, skin, nails, and orbit (4, 10). Localized amyloidosis presenting as a mediastinal mass, especially in the thymus, is rare (11). To date, there have been only two reported cases of localized thymic amyloidosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, there have been only two reported cases of localized thymic amyloidosis. One case that presented with rheumatoid arthritis was reported in Japan (11). The other case was reported in Korea; the patient did not have a notable past medical history or subjective symptoms (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Localized Thymic Amyloidosis Presenting with Myasthenia Gravis: Case Report

et al. 2014

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A mediastinal mass was incidentally found on chest radiography in a 46-yr-old woman who had had myasthenia gravis (MG) for 2 months. Computed tomography revealed a 4-cm in size, well-defined, and lobulating mass with nodular calcification that was located in the thymus. Microscopically, the mass consisted of diffuse amorphous eosinophilic materials. These deposits exhibited apple-green birefringence under polarized light microscopy after Congo red staining. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that they were positive for both kappa and lambda light chains and negative for amyloid A. A diagnosis of localized primary thymic amyloidosis was finally made. After thymectomy, the symptoms of MG were controlled with reduced corticosteroid requirements. Localized thymic amyloidosis associated with MG has not been reported to date.

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Distribution of malignant lymphomas in the anterior mediastinum: a single-institution study of 76 cases in Japan, 1997–2016

et al. 2017

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We analyzed the distribution of tumors and lymphomas of the anterior mediastinum diagnosed between 1997 and 2016 at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan. The median age of 283 patients with anterior mediastinal tumors was 48 (range 6-84) years, and 143 (51%) were male. The incidence of tumors was as follows: thymoma, 34%; thymic carcinoma, 16%; primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL), 13%; germ cell tumors, 10%; classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), 9%; thymic cyst, 7%; metastatic tumors, 3%; T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-LBL), 2%; other lymphomas, 3%; and others, 3%. Of the newly diagnosed lymphomas in 60 patients, PMBL (46%) was the most frequent, followed by CHL (32%), T-LBL (12%), mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (3%), and other lymphomas (7%). These findings suggest a recent increase in PMBL in Japan. The frequency and subtype of lymphoma differ with age and sex. In female patients ≤40 years old, 58% of the anterior mediastinal tumors were PMBL (39%) or CHL (19%). Germ cell tumors were the most frequent in male patients ≤40 years old, followed by CHL (21%), PMBL (17%), and T-LBL (10%). This distribution may serve as a reference for routine histologic diagnosis of lymphomas in the anterior mediastinum in Japan.

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Amyloid Tumor in the Anterior Mediastinum: Report of a Case

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Thymoma calcification: Is it clinically meaningful?

Thymoma calcification: Is it clinically meaningful?

Localized Thymic Amyloidosis Presenting with Myasthenia Gravis: Case Report

Distribution of malignant lymphomas in the anterior mediastinum: a single-institution study of 76 cases in Japan, 1997–2016

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