Amyloid precursor protein and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 in cancer

Abstract

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its family members amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1) and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2) are type 1 transmembrane glycoproteins that are highly conserved across species. The transcriptional regulation of APP and APLP2 is similar but not identical, and the cleavage of both proteins is regulated by phosphorylation. APP has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease causation, and in addition to its importance in neurology, APP is deregulated in cancer cells. APLP2 is likewise overexpressed in cancer cells, and APLP2 and APP are linked to increased tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In this present review, we discuss the unfolding account of these APP family members’ roles in cancer progression and metastasis.

Amyloid precursor protein is overexpressed in bladder cancer and contributes to the malignant bladder cancer cell behaviors

“…APP overexpression has been reported in several human carcinomas . APP and its cleaved forms have been suggested to mediate various functions in both cancer and non‐cancer cells, including cell adhesion, cell growth, cell differentiation and cell migration . A study carried out by Takayama et al .…”

“…13,14,[22][23][24][25] APP and its cleaved forms have been suggested to mediate various functions in both cancer and noncancer cells, including cell adhesion, cell growth, cell differentiation and cell migration. 26 A study carried out by Takayama et al showed that APP could promote the growth of prostate cancer by regulating androgen-mediated signaling pathways. 23 In prostate cancer cells, it was also shown that the presence of copper increases the expression of APP, and the copperbinding region of the APP 770 splice variant reduces copper-mediated inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth.…”

Role of APLP2 in the prognosis and clinicopathology of renal cell carcinoma

“…A previous study demonstrated that APLP2 expression is aberrantly altered in a number of cancer types (6). However, there is limited knowledge regarding the expression of APLP2 in RCC, including the association between the expression of APLP2 and the prognosis of the disease.…”

“…It has been demonstrated that APLP2 expression is involved in the development of a number of cancer types, including pancreatic, colon, breast and prostate cancer (5). APLP2 has been associated with certain characteristics of cancer cells, including abnormal growth, migration and invasion, which indicates that APLP2 may significantly affect the development and progression of cancer (6); however, the expression and function of APLP2 in RCC remains undefined. In the present study, the expression of APLP2 in CCRCC tissues was measured and the association between APLP2 expression and the clinicopathological features of CCRCC was evaluated, in order to determine whether APLP2 may potentially be used as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for CCRCC.…”

APP Protein Family Signaling at the Synapse: Insights from Intracellular APP-Binding Proteins

“…Alternative splicing of APP and its homologs is complex, but detailed investigations in the context of the putative physiological functions of APP are lacking (Pandey et al, 2016). The APP intracellular tail encompasses three Tyr and five Ser/Thr putative phosphorylation sites, of which two of the Tyr residues (Tyr682 and Tyr687) and three of the Ser/Thr sites (Thr654, 668 and Ser655) can exist in a phosphorylated state.…”