“Amyloid Is Not a Tombstone”— A Summation

Regelson, William; Harkins, Stephen W.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48485.x

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 176 publications

(245 reference statements)

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“…There also appears to be a complex relationship between transthyretin (a serum transport protein), thyroid hormones, and AD pathogenesis. Transthyretin prevents the deposition of Aβ protein fibrils by creating soluble Aβ complexes [22]. In addition, transthyretin is a transport protein for T 4 and is the only carrier protein for T 4 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Hormone Levels in the Prefrontal Cortex of Post-Mortem Brains of Alzheimers Disease Patients

Davis¹,

Podolanczuk²,

Donahue³

et al. 2008

CAS

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Converging evidence suggests a possible link between thyroid state and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including a higher probability of dementia in individuals with higher TSH levels and a two-fold risk of AD in patients with hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones modulate factors associated with AD, including amyloid precursor protein expression in the brain, suggesting a possible role for thyroid hormone in AD pathology. The present study is the first to directly evaluate brain thyroid hormone levels in AD. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA) in post-mortem samples of prefrontal cortex of patients with pathologically confirmed AD, including Braak stage I–II (n=8), Braak stage V–VI (n=8), and controls without any primary neurological disease (n=8). T4 levels did not differ between groups. T3 levels were significantly lower in Braak stage V–VI brains relative to controls, but there was no statistically significant difference between T3 levels in Braak stage I–II versus controls. Results suggest that the conversion of T4 to T3 may be affected in advanced AD, perhaps due to alterations in deiodinase activity. Reduced conversion of T4 to T3 in AD may be associated with both AD pathology and the clinical presentation of dementia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Hormone Levels in the Prefrontal Cortex of Post-Mortem Brains of Alzheimers Disease Patients

Davis¹,

Podolanczuk²,

Donahue³

et al. 2008

CAS

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“…[2] DMSO appearstod eliver ah igh concentration of the chemical, or hormonec ombined with it, to the cell to produce ar apid, exaggeratedc ell response, and therefore, plays as ignificant vehicular role in cancerr esearch. [5] DMSO penetrates into the cell membrane, plays multiple roles in cellular functions, and is widelyu sed to induce multilineaged ifferentiation of embryonic and adult progenitorc ells [2,6] Because it has been used in many different areas, especiallya sas olvent in cell treatments, we believe a complete understanding of the effectso fD MSO on cellular release, exocytosis, and the cell membrane is important to be able to reach accurate conclusions when it is used. [5] DMSO penetrates into the cell membrane, plays multiple roles in cellular functions, and is widelyu sed to induce multilineaged ifferentiation of embryonic and adult progenitorc ells [2,6] Because it has been used in many different areas, especiallya sas olvent in cell treatments, we believe a complete understanding of the effectso fD MSO on cellular release, exocytosis, and the cell membrane is important to be able to reach accurate conclusions when it is used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] Apart from the many side effects from the use of DMSO that have been reported, [4] it has been used successfully in many treatments of diseases and suggestedf or the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. [5] DMSO penetrates into the cell membrane, plays multiple roles in cellular functions, and is widelyu sed to induce multilineaged ifferentiation of embryonic and adult progenitorc ells [2,6] Because it has been used in many different areas, especiallya sas olvent in cell treatments, we believe a complete understanding of the effectso fD MSO on cellular release, exocytosis, and the cell membrane is important to be able to reach accurate conclusions when it is used. Herein, we focus on the effecto fD MSO on amperometric measurements of partial exocytotic release from chromaffin cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

DMSO Chemically Alters Cell Membranes to Slow Exocytosis and Increase the Fraction of Partial Transmitter Released

et al. 2017

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Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is frequently used as a solvent in biological studies and as a vehicle for drug therapy; but the side effects of DMSO, especially on the cell environment, are not well understood, and controls with DMSO are not neutral at higher concentrations. Herein, electrochemical measurement techniques are applied to show that DMSO increases exocytotic neurotransmitter release, while leaving vesicular contents unchanged. In addition, the kinetics of release from DMSO-treated cells are faster than that of untreated ones. The results suggest that DMSO has a significant influence on the chemistry of the cell membrane, leading to alteration of exocytosis. A speculative chemical mechanism of the effect on the fusion pore during exocytosis is presented.

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“…It has been also used in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders [20], pulmonary adenocarcinoma [21], rheumatologic diseases [22, 23], chronic prostatitis [24], dermatological diseases [25,26,27], schizophrenia [28], and as a topical analgesic [29]. In addition, it has been suggested for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease [30]. In the field of HSC transplantation, DMSO is the most frequently used cryopreservation agent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Induced Toxicity in Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature

et al. 2009

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Umbilical cord blood transplantation using nonmyeloablative conditioning is currently considered by many as a valid potential alternative for any patient who requires an unrelated donor allograft and who is without a suitably matched and readily available volunteer. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used for years as a cryoprotectant agent; it acts by penetrating the cell and binding water molecules and it has been described as harmless for the individual who receives it in limited amounts. In this paper, we describe 3 cases of DMSO-induced toxicities and briefly review the most common adverse reactions of the DMSO when used as a cryopreservation agent for the long-term storage of cord blood cells. Two of the 3 cases had a dismal prognosis. A brief review of the literature is presented.

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“Amyloid Is Not a Tombstone”— A Summation

Abstract: This paper represents our summary interpretation of this symposium and provides our own suggestions as to cause and therapeutic approaches that could modulate the cerebrovascular and CSF dynamics that might reverse the pathology of Alzheimer's dementia.

Cited by 29 publications

References 176 publications

Thyroid Hormone Levels in the Prefrontal Cortex of Post-Mortem Brains of Alzheimers Disease Patients

Thyroid Hormone Levels in the Prefrontal Cortex of Post-Mortem Brains of Alzheimers Disease Patients

DMSO Chemically Alters Cell Membranes to Slow Exocytosis and Increase the Fraction of Partial Transmitter Released

Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Induced Toxicity in Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature

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