Toxicology of Cyanides and Cyanogens 2015
DOI: 10.1002/9781118628966.ch24
|View full text |Cite
|
Sign up to set email alerts
|

Amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...
2

Citation Types

0
2
0

Year Published

2017
2017
2024
2024

Publication Types

Select...
4

Relationship

0
4

Authors

Journals

citations
Cited by 4 publications
(2 citation statements)
references
References 49 publications
0
2
0
Order By: Relevance
“…Other compounds, including dicobalt ethylene­diamine­tetraacetate (Kelocyanor) and 4-dimethylaminophenol, remain in use worldwide, but there are currently only two acceptable antidotes to cyanide poisoning available in the United States. , The first, Nithiodote, is a combination treatment of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate; in which (i) the nitrite anion probably acts as a nitric oxide (NO) donor leading to the removal of cyanide bound to cytochrome c oxidase , rather than simply being a methemoglobin generator and (ii) the thiosulfate reacts with free cyanide in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese leading to formation of the considerably less toxic thiocyanate anion (SCN – ) . Intravenous infusion of sodium nitrite in the prehospital setting must be undertaken with caution, because of the likelihood of induced hypotension and methemoglobinemia, the latter being of particular concern if there has been any concomitant carbon monoxide poisoning through smoke inhalation. , The second antidote, Cyanokit, contains hydroxocobalamin (Cb), a vitamin B 12 derivative (Figure A) .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Other compounds, including dicobalt ethylene­diamine­tetraacetate (Kelocyanor) and 4-dimethylaminophenol, remain in use worldwide, but there are currently only two acceptable antidotes to cyanide poisoning available in the United States. , The first, Nithiodote, is a combination treatment of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate; in which (i) the nitrite anion probably acts as a nitric oxide (NO) donor leading to the removal of cyanide bound to cytochrome c oxidase , rather than simply being a methemoglobin generator and (ii) the thiosulfate reacts with free cyanide in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese leading to formation of the considerably less toxic thiocyanate anion (SCN – ) . Intravenous infusion of sodium nitrite in the prehospital setting must be undertaken with caution, because of the likelihood of induced hypotension and methemoglobinemia, the latter being of particular concern if there has been any concomitant carbon monoxide poisoning through smoke inhalation. , The second antidote, Cyanokit, contains hydroxocobalamin (Cb), a vitamin B 12 derivative (Figure A) .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Worldwide, other options are available, but in the United States, the presently available therapeutics for treating acute cyanide poisonings, through ingestion of cyanogenic substances or smoke inhalation, are Nithiodote, a combination of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate solutions (Geller, 2015), or Cyanokit (Hall and Borron, 2015), containing hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B 12 ). Unfortunately, none of the cyanide antidotes in use are ideal, being especially problematic in situations where there may be mass casualties since delivery of the active agents is slow compared with the rapidity with which cyanide can act.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%