Amygdala Volume Marks the Acute State in the Early Course of Depression

Eijndhoven, Philip van; Wingen, Guido van; Oijen, Koen van; Rijpkema, Mark; Góraj, B; Verkes, Robbert J.; Voshaar, Richard C. Oude; Fernández, Guillén; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Tendolkar, Indira

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.027

Cited by 154 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Exaggerated amygdala activation has been suggested to represent a common neurobiological pathway for stress-related disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders (Drevets et al 2008;Etkin and Wager 2007). Likewise, in the majority of studies, larger amygdala volumes have been observed in depression (Altshuler et al 1998;Bremner et al 2000;Lange and Irle 2004;Tebartz van Elst et al 1999;van Eijndhoven et al 2009;Vassilopoulou et al 2013), (but see Hastings et al 2004;von Gunten et al 2000 for opposite findings) and PTSD (Kuo et al 2012; but see Morey et al 2012). As T allele carriers are assumed to exhibit a higher expression of FKBP5 and, thereby, a slower cortisol recovery after challenge, the observed effect on amygdala activity and volume may be related to enhanced cortisol levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Role of FKBP5 in emotion processing: results on amygdala activity, connectivity and volume

et al. 2014

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Accumulating evidence suggests a role of FKBP5, a co-chaperone regulating the glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity, in the etiology of depression and anxiety disorders. Based on recent findings of altered amygdala activity following childhood adversity, the present study aimed at clarifying the impact of genetic variation in FKBP5 on threat-related neural activity and coupling as well as morphometric alterations in stress-sensitive brain systems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during an emotional face-matching task was performed in 153 healthy young adults (66 males) from a high-risk community sample followed since birth. Voxel-based morphometry was applied to study structural alterations and DNA was genotyped for FKBP5 rs1360780. Childhood adversity was measured using retrospective selfreport (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and by a standardized parent interview assessing childhood family adversity. Depression was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory. There was a main effect of FKBP5 on the left amygdala, with T homozygotes showing the highest activity, largest volume and increased coupling with the left hippocampus and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Moreover, amygdala-OFC coupling proved to be associated with depression in this genotype. In addition, our results support previous evidence of a gene-environment interaction on right amygdala activity with respect to retrospective assessment of childhood adversity, but clarify that this does not generalize to the prospective assessment. These findings indicated that activity in T homozygotes increased with the level of adversity, whereas the opposite pattern emerged in C homozygotes, with CT individuals being intermediate. Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests a role of FKBP5, a co-chaperone regulating the glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity, in the etiology of depression and anxiety disorders. Based on recent findings of altered amygdala activity following childhood adversity, the present study aimed at clarifying the impact of genetic variation in FKBP5 on threat-related neural activity and coupling as well as morphometric alterations in stresssensitive brain systems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during an emotional face-matching task was performed in 153 healthy young adults (66 males) from a high-risk community sample followed since birth. Voxelbased morphometry was applied to study structural alterations and DNA was genotyped for FKBP5 rs1360780. Childhood adversity was measured using retrospective selfreport (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and by a standardized parent interview assessing childhood family adversity. Depression was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory. There was a main effect of FKBP5 on the left amygdala, with T homozygotes showing the highest activity, largest volume and increased coupling with the left hippocampus and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Moreover, amygdala-OFC coupling proved to be associated with depression in this genotype. In addition, our results support previous evidence of a gene-env...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Role of FKBP5 in emotion processing: results on amygdala activity, connectivity and volume

et al. 2014

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“…The amygdala is a core component of the social brain and is critical to emotional expression, and not just for fear and anxiety 15)16) . Abnormal development of this structure is linked to the socio-emotional impairments of autism [16][17][18] and to the temporal course of depression and affective disorders [19][20][21][22] . A high absolute value of Glx may be monitored in the amygdala in cases of autism or other affective disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiologic and Characteristic Distributions of Glutamate/Glutamine in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Sakamoto

Nakamura

Sasaki

et al. 2018

J St. Marianna Univ

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Purpose Glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the brain, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) allows quantification of glutamate-related metabolites (glutamate/glutamine complex; Glx). In previous findings, Glx has been lower in several brain regions of patients with major depressive disorder than in those of healthy controls. However, the physiologic and characteristic distribution of Glx in the same individual remains unclear. We attempted to clarify which brain regions reflect changes associated with depression. Material and method We measured Glx in 12 patients with depression and 12 healthy controls matched for age and sex in three brain regions (left amygdala, left anterior cingulate cortex, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), and then compared the physiologic and characteristic distribution of Glx between the two groups. Results In comparisons of the distributions, Glx was significantly higher in the amygdala than in other regions. Glx tended to be lower among the patients than the controls, although no significant differences were present between the groups. We could not detect the changes expected from major depressive disorder (reduced Glx) in the amygdala, which regulates emotions and shows higher concentrations of Glx than other regions. Conclusion Previous studies have suggested that the concentration of Glx decreases with age, and this might have influenced our results regarding changes with major depressive disorder. In addition, we could not clarify whether medications affected the patient condition, because treatment for depression increased Glx in previous studies. Further MRS studies are needed to clarify Glx distributions in the specific diagnosis of depression.

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“…For example, the volume of the amygdala was enlarged in first-episode, medication-naive patients with MDD but decreased in patients with chronic MDD, due to neurotoxic effects. [4][5][6] Functionally, abnormal brain activity in the amygdala has been widely reported in MDD, and these impairments may be associated with the excessive negative introspection and maladaptive rumination (e.g., brooding) observed in these patients. 7,8 In addition, impaired resting-state amygdala-hippocampal/brainstem and amygdala-precuneus functional connectivity (FC) has recently been reported in adolescents with MDD, and negatively correlated with general depression, dysphoria and lassitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity of amygdalar subregions in untreated patients with first-episode major depressive disorder

Qiu

Xia

Cheng

et al. 2018

jpn

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Amygdala Volume Marks the Acute State in the Early Course of Depression

Cited by 154 publications

References 30 publications

Role of FKBP5 in emotion processing: results on amygdala activity, connectivity and volume

Role of FKBP5 in emotion processing: results on amygdala activity, connectivity and volume

Physiologic and Characteristic Distributions of Glutamate/Glutamine in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity of amygdalar subregions in untreated patients with first-episode major depressive disorder

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