Amygdala–hippocampal shape and cortical thickness abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia and mania

Abstract

Significant differences were observed between the two groups of patients with FES and FEM in terms of the hippocampal shape and cortical thickness in the temporal region, highlighting that distinguishable brain structural changes are present early in the course of schizophrenia and mania.

Decreased cortical thickness in drug naïve first episode schizophrenia: In relation to serum levels of BDNF

“…Cortical thinning has been found in areas such as insula, temporal regions including superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri, fusiform, parahippocampal gyrus and occipital temporal gyrus (Crespo-Facorro et al, 2011;Qiu et al, 2013), cingulate cortex especially the anterior part (Fornito et al, 2008), insula (Roiz-Santianez et al, 2010), frontal regions including frontopolar cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus and medial orbitofrontal cortex (Crespo-Facorro et al, 2011;Qiu et al, 2013;Sprooten et al, 2013), parietal regions (CrespoFacorro et al, 2011;Sprooten et al, 2013), and occipital regions (Crespo-Facorro et al, 2011;Sprooten et al, 2013). Other studies didn't find significant change in cortical thickness (Haller et Fig.…”

“…In chronic schizophrenia, reduced cortical thickness has been found primarily in fronto-temporal regions (Voineskos et al, 2013;Zugman et al, 2013). Increasing attention has been focused on identifying brain structural and functional changes in the early stage of illness (Qiu et al, 2013). In first episode schizophrenia, studies have found reduced cortical thickness in areas such as frontal and temporal regions, as well as medial parietal, lateral occipital, and anterior cingulate cortex (Crespo-Facorro et al, 2011;Qiu et al, 2013;Sprooten et al, 2013).…”

Building models for postmortem abnormalities in hippocampus of schizophrenics

“…Based on studies using both postmortem brains (Berretta et al, 2007) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (Pantazopoulos et al, 2010;Qiu et al, 2013;Ganzola et al, 2014), the BLA is believed to play an important role in regulating hippocampal structure and function in schizophrenia (Reynolds et al, 1990;Joyal et al, 2003;Howland et al, 2004). If these interneurons fire excessively, they could induce oxidative stress (Coyle and Puttfarcken, 1993) in GABA cells targeted by the stimulation.…”

Delusions and their formation

“…Bunlar amigdala ve hipokampus gibi limbik alanlarda anormal DA ateĢlemesine iĢaret edebilir, bunların yük-sek riskli durumlarda ve ilk atak Ģizofrenide iĢe karıĢtığı bazı nörogörüntüleme çalıĢmalarıyla gösterilmiĢtir. [42][43][44] Kapur, yaĢantılar arasında biniĢme olduğunu belirtmiĢtir. Yaygın ögeleri 'baĢlangıçta hiçbir Ģeyin kesin olmamasına karĢın, çevrelerindeki dünyada bazı Ģeylerin değiĢtiği, bazı kiĢilerin veya nesnelerin onları ĢaĢkınlığa uğrattığı'dır.…”