Amplitude Range Control

Wright, S. B.

doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1938.tb00796.x

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…The concept of level-limiting dates back to the early days of radio and telephone (e.g., Wright, 1938) and is understood across many fields of audio engineering to involve some form of level-dependent (i.e., nonlinear) amplification. The timescale on which this nonlinearity operates is a choice made by the circuit designer and ranges from instantaneous ("peak clipping") to long term (several seconds), as used in automatic gain control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer-Grade Headphones for Children: Limited Effectiveness of “Level Limiters” When Used With Portable or Home Media Players

Stone

Harrison²,

Wilbraham

et al. 2019

Trends in Hearing

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Consumer-grade headphones for children are frequently packaged or marketed with labels claiming incorporation of an output-level-limiting function. Six pairs of headphones, sold separately from devices with audio interfaces, were selected either from online recommendations or from “best rated” with a large online retailer, the opinions being expressed in 2018 to early 2019. The acoustic outputs in response to an internationally standardized test signal were measured through the ears of a head-and-torso simulator and referenced to equivalent A-weighted diffuse-field sound pressure levels. The headphones were tested with a variety of music capable sources found in a domestic environment, such as a mobile phone, tablets, laptop computer, and a home “hi-fi” CD player. To maintain likely homogeneity of the audio interface, the computer-based platforms were manufactured by either Apple™ or certified Android devices. One of the two Bluetooth-linked headphones exhibited level limiting with low distortion (i.e., a compression ratio well in excess of unity). None of the devices wired directly to an audio output performed distortionless level limiting: “limiting” was implemented by a reduction of sensitivity or mechanical limitations, so could be called “soft limiting.” When driven by a laptop or CD player, some were still capable of producing output levels well in excess of “safe-listening” levels of 85 dB(A). Packaging labels were frequently ambiguous and imprecise.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer-Grade Headphones for Children: Limited Effectiveness of “Level Limiters” When Used With Portable or Home Media Players

Stone

Harrison²,

Wilbraham

et al. 2019

Trends in Hearing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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An Improved High-Frequency Radiotelephone System Featuring Constant Net Loss Operation

Fraser¹,

Haas²,

Schachtman³

1967

Bell System Technical Journal

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A system is described in which a special type of syllabic compandor and other features offer an improved solution to the problems of using HF radio facilities for overseas telephone trunks. A major disadvantage of existing systems is the use of voice‐operated gates to prevent singing and echo effects. These gates interfere with the free flow of conversation. The new system allows stable full‐duplex operation as in conventional telephone circuits because a nearly constant circuit loss is maintained between the trunk terminals. Significant improvements in circuit quality result from full‐duplex operation and from a reduction in the effects of radio noise and interference by compandor action. Preliminary results of a field trial between New York and Buenos Aires have been highly favorable.

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Vario-losser circuits

Bennett¹,

Doba²

1941

Electr. Eng.

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Amplitude Range Control

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Consumer-Grade Headphones for Children: Limited Effectiveness of “Level Limiters” When Used With Portable or Home Media Players

Consumer-Grade Headphones for Children: Limited Effectiveness of “Level Limiters” When Used With Portable or Home Media Players

An Improved High-Frequency Radiotelephone System Featuring Constant Net Loss Operation

Vario-losser circuits

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