Amplitude modulated vestibular evoked myogenic responses: a study of carrier and modulating frequencies

Oliveira, Aline Cabral de; Pereira, Liliane Desgualdo; Colafêmina, José Fernando; Menezes, Pedro de Lemos

doi:10.3109/00016489.2014.909605

Cited by 5 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Several previous studies have used AM tones to elicit cVEMPs, and these studies have demonstrated that cVEMPs elicited by AM tones share some basic characteristics of conventional, transient cVEMPs. First, these responses were present in deaf individuals (de Oliveira et al 2014). Second, response amplitude appears to be affected by EMG activation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Later components, the n34 and p44, are sometimes present and are purported to be of cochlear origin (Colebatch et al 1994). There are few reports of cVEMPs elicited by long-duration amplitude-modulated tones, analogous to auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) (Bell et al 2010;de Oliveira et al 2014), and this alternate approach to eliciting cVEMPs may be used to investigate basic vestibular function or develop new clinical applications. However, the role of EMG activation has not been systematically examined in cVEMPs elicited by amplitude-modulated (AM) tones, leaving a basic property of these responses uninvestigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Tonic Muscle Activation on Amplitude-Modulated Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (AMcVEMPs) in Young Females: Preliminary Findings

Clinard

Thorne

Piker

2020

JARO

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Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) are usually elicited by transient tonebursts, but when elicited by amplitude-modulated (AM) tones, they can provide new information about cVEMPs. Previous reports of cVEMPs elicited by AM tones, or AMcVEMPs, have not systematically examined the effects of tonic EMG activation on their response properties. Fourteen young, healthy female adults (ages 20-24) with clinically normal audiograms participated in this study. AMcVEMPs were elicited with bone-conducted 500 Hz tones amplitude modulated at a rate of 37 Hz and recorded for five different EMG targets ranging from 0 to 90 μV. Amplitude increased linearly as tonic EMG activation increased. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was minimal at 0 μV, but robust and with equivalent values from 30 to 90 μV; phase coherence and EMG-corrected amplitude had findings similar to SNR across EMG target levels. Interaural asymmetry ratios for SNR and phase coherence were substantially lower than those for raw or corrected amplitude. AMcVEMP amplitude scaled with tonic EMG activation similar to transient cVEMPs. Signal-to-noise ratio, phase coherence, and EMG-corrected amplitude plateaued across a range of EMG values, suggesting that these properties of the response reach their maximum values at relatively low levels of EMG activation and that higher levels of EMG activation are not necessary to record robust AMcVEMPs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tonic Muscle Activation on Amplitude-Modulated Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (AMcVEMPs) in Young Females: Preliminary Findings

Clinard

Thorne

Piker

2020

JARO

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“…These stimulus parameters were chosen since they have led to optimal results in previous studies. 8,9 The continuous stimulation lasted for 120 s, started and ended with an envelope minimum, and had a peak level of 116.5 dB pSPL (equivalent to an RMS level of 105.5 dBA). This EFR measurement validated that our spectral-analysis method of continuous stimulation was functional.…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the ability of airborne infrasound to elicit VEMPs has yet to be tested, and we attempted this for cVEMPs using continuous tones. Two previous studies 8,9 showed that vestibular responses can be elicited with continuous acoustic stimulation. They utilized SAM of midfrequency carriers (250-1000 Hz) with infrasonic and low-frequency modulation rates .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of this, recent studies have tested alternative types of stimuli, such as low-frequency tone bursts 7 and continuous tonal stimulation with sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) at low rates. 8,9 In this work, infrasound (f < 20 Hz) was tested as an additional alternative, because vestibular receptor cells 10 and the entire vestibular system 11,12 are most responsive to mechanical vibration at very low frequencies. Also, as the transport of acoustic energy from the oval window to the otolith hair cells is impeded by fluid inertia, an effect that declines towards lower frequencies with 6 dB/octave, it might be expected that more acoustic energy reaches the otoliths at low frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Effectiveness of airborne infrasound in eliciting vestibular-evoked myogenic responses

Jurado

Marquardt

2019

Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control

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The use of airborne infrasound and other stimuli to elicit (cervical) vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) was studied to address the common proposition that infrasound may efficiently stimulate the vestibular system, an effect which may underlie the so-called wind-turbine syndrome. cVEMPs were measured for both ears of 15 normal-hearing subjects using three types of airborne sound stimulation: (1) 500-Hz tone bursts (transient); (2) 500-Hz sinusoidally amplitude-modulated tones at a 40-Hz rate (SAM); and (3) low-frequency and infrasound pure tones (LF/IS). The two former stimulation types served as control and allowed a systematic comparison with (3). It was found that SAM stimulation is effective and appears to be comparable to transient stimulation, as was previously observed in a yet small number of studies. Although the vestibular system is reported to be highly sensitive to low-frequency mechanical vibration, airborne LF/IS stimulation at ∼80–90-phon loudness levels did not elicit significant saccular vestibular responses.

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Effects of Stimulus Polarity on Amplitude-Modulated Cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials

2021

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Background Traditional approaches to cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials use a transient stimulus to elicit an onset response. However, alternate approaches with long duration stimuli may allow the development of new methodologies to better understand basic function of the vestibular system, as well as potentially developing new clinical applications. Purpose The objective of this study was to examine the effects of stimulus polarity on response properties of amplitude-modulated cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (AMcVEMPs). Research Design Prospective, repeated-measures, within-subjects design. Study Sample Participants were 16 young, healthy adults (ages 21–38 years). Data Collection and Analysis Amplitude-modulated tones, with carrier frequency of 500 Hz and modulation frequency of 37 Hz, were used to elicit AMcVEMPs. Responses were analyzed in three different stimulus polarity conditions: condensation, rarefaction, and alternating. The resulting data were analyzed for differences across polarity conditions. Results AMcVEMP amplitudes, both raw and corrected for tonic muscle activation, were equivalent across the different stimulus phase conditions. In addition, response signal-to-noise ratio and phase coherence were equivalent across the different phases of the stimulus. Conclusion Analyses of AMcVEMPs are stable when the carrier frequency starting phase is altered and the phase of the temporal envelope is constant.

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Amplitude modulated vestibular evoked myogenic responses: a study of carrier and modulating frequencies

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of Tonic Muscle Activation on Amplitude-Modulated Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (AMcVEMPs) in Young Females: Preliminary Findings

Effects of Tonic Muscle Activation on Amplitude-Modulated Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (AMcVEMPs) in Young Females: Preliminary Findings

On the Effectiveness of airborne infrasound in eliciting vestibular-evoked myogenic responses

Effects of Stimulus Polarity on Amplitude-Modulated Cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials

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