Amplitude and timing of temperature and salinity variability in the subpolar North Atlantic over the past 10 k.y.

Biome changes and their inferred climatic drivers in northern and eastern continental Asia at selected times since 40 cal ka bp

“…A mismatch between pollen-based and modelled biomes in central Yakutia during the Holocene probably originates from a vegetation-climate disequilibrium related to complex interactions between climate, permafrost, fire, and vegetation. (Cheng et al 2016); Alkenone-derived sea-surface temperature (SST) from deep-sea cores SU8118 and MD952042 (Pailler and Bard 2002); Mg/Ca-derived SST from core ODP-984 (Came et al 2007); Lena Delta (Meyer et al 2015); solar insolation in January and July at 60°N (Laskar et al 2004) …”

Rapid early Holocene deglaciation of the Laurentide ice sheet

“…All radiocarbon ages are calibrated, reservoir corrected if marine 20,21 (Table S1), and presented as straight averages of the oldest dates, which constrain deglaciation as occurring sometime before the deposition of the organic material or shell. Following this collapse, the LIS split into two ice caps: one over Quebec and Labrador, the second over eastern Nunavut and Baffin Island ( 12,21,[25][26][27] , retreat of the LIS resumed ~7.6 kyr BP and ended ~6.8 kyr BP ( Fig S2). This latter period of melting may also be reflected in the Labrador Sea as a 0.2-0.3 ‰ decrease in δ 18 O (Fig.…”

“…3f) [12][13][14]26 . The alteration in ocean density suppresses deep winter convection in the Labrador Sea, decreasing total AMOC by ~15% relative to present, also in agreement with interpretations of Labrador Sea deepwater proxies 13 .…”

“…1a) warmed Northern Hemisphere summers by several degrees, presumably driving retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) [7][8][9] . However, portions of the northern and eastern North Atlantic were colder than present [10][11][12] , possibly as a consequence of the suppression of Labrador Sea deep water production by LIS meltwater 13,14 . The gradual rise in sea level during the early Holocene [15][16][17] was punctuated by at least two increases in the rate of sea level rise, which were sourced from either the LIS or Antarctic Ice Sheet, indicating variations in the rate of ice sheet melting 14,18,19 .…”

Insights into North Atlantic deep water formation during the peak interglacial interval of Marine Isotope Stage 9 (MIS 9)

“…Accumulation rates vary, reaching maximum values over 30 cm/ka, and averaging ~14 cm/ka for the study interval of MIS 9, allowing centennial-scale resolution of oceanographic and climatic conditions at this location. The quality and quantity of accumulating sediments at this oceanographically sensitive location have yielded valuable insights in a number of previous studies Schrag et al 2002;Raymo et al 2004;DePaolo et al 2006;Came et al 2007;Praetorius et al 2008;Mollenhauer et al 2011;Thornalley et al 2013;Mokeddem et al 2014;Mokeddem and McManus 2016).…”