Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of Mycobacterium avium complex isolates recovered from southern California

Pfaller, Stacy; Aronson, T.; Holtzman, A.; Covert, Terry C.

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.47075-0

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The AFLP method provides an interesting option for typing of NTM species, including members of the MAC (192) and M. haemophilum (193). Furthermore, AFLP analysis has successfully been used to differentiate M. marinum from M. ulcerans, which are otherwise difficult to distinguish (194,195).…”

Section: Methods Based On Nonrepetitive Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYMolecular typing has revolutionized epidemiological studies of infectious diseases, including those of a mycobacterial etiology. With the advent of fingerprinting techniques, many traditional concepts regarding transmission, infectivity, or pathogenicity of mycobacterial bacilli have been revisited, and their conventional interpretations have been challenged. Since the mid-1990s, when the first typing methods were introduced, a plethora of other modalities have been proposed. So-called molecular epidemiology has become an essential subdiscipline of modern mycobacteriology. It serves as a resource for understanding the key issues in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. Among these issues are disclosing sources of infection, quantifying recent transmission, identifying transmission links, discerning reinfection from relapse, tracking the geographic distribution and clonal expansion of specific strains, and exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying specific phenotypic traits, including virulence, organ tropism, transmissibility, or drug resistance. Since genotyping continues to unravel the biology of mycobacteria, it offers enormous promise in the fight against and prevention of the diseases caused by these pathogens. In this review, molecular typing methods forMycobacterium tuberculosisand nontuberculous mycobacteria elaborated over the last 2 decades are summarized. The relevance of these methods to the epidemiological investigation, diagnosis, evolution, and control of mycobacterial diseases is discussed.

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Section: Methods Based On Nonrepetitive Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

et al. 2016

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“…In practice, however, methods are compared on the basis of their discriminatory index (DI), a quantity that reflects a method's probability of placing any two isolates into separate genotypic groups (20). Some validation is provided by the fact that multiple isolates from the same patient, either from separate anatomic sites or taken over time, often have the same fingerprint (11,12,17,21,22). When matching or highly similar fingerprints are found between patients (17,(21)(22)(23), in the same environmental source over time (22,24), or between a patient and his environment (22,23,(25)(26)(27)(28), this is often interpreted as support for a link of some sort.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Several methods have been used to generate high-resolution genetic fingerprints of the MAC. These include pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (11), restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using insertion sequences (12,13), repetitive-sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) analysis (14,15), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis (6), mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unitvariable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analysis (16), amplified fragment length polymorphism (ALFP) (17), (CCG) 4 based PCR analysis (18), and multispacer sequence typing (MST) (19). These methods vary in the quantity and purity of DNA required for analysis and their portability (the ease with which results can be compared across analyses and exchanged among laboratories).…”

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confidence: 99%

Shared Mycobacterium avium Genotypes Observed among Unlinked Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Dirac

Weigel

Yakrus

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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e Our understanding of the sources of Mycobacterium avium infection is partially based on genotypic matching of pathogen isolates from cases and environmental sources. These approaches assume that genotypic identity is rare in isolates from unlinked cases or sources. To test this assumption, a high-resolution PCR-based genotyping approach, large-sequence polymorphism (LSP)-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR), was selected and used to analyze clinical and environmental isolates of M. avium from geographically diverse sources. Among 127 clinical isolates from seven locations in North America, South America, and Europe, 42 genotypes were observed. Among 12 of these genotypes, matches were seen in isolates from apparently unlinked patients in two or more geographic locations. Six of the 12 were also observed in environmental isolates. A subset of these isolates was further analyzed by alternative strain genotyping methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MIRU-VNTR, which confirmed the existence of geographically dispersed strain genotypes. These results suggest that caution should be exercised in interpreting high-resolution genotypic matches as evidence for an acquisition event.

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“…The 15 clinical and environmental M. avium spp. isolates genotyped by nucleic acid hybridization test (AccuProbe) and by amplified fragment length polymorphism [24] were provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The clinical isolate MAC 104, used as the reference isolate [25], was kindly provided by Dr. Andrea Cooper (Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Clinical and Environmental Mycobacterium avium Spp. Isolates and Their Interaction with Human Macrophages

et al. 2012

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Members of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are naturally occurring bacteria in the environment. A link has been suggested between M. avium strains in drinking water and clinical isolates from infected individuals. There is a need to develop new screening methodologies that can identify specific virulence properties of M. avium isolates found in water that predict a level of risk to exposed individuals. In this work we have characterized 15 clinical and environmental M. avium spp. isolates provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to improve our understanding of the key processes involved in the binding, uptake and survival of these isolates in primary human macrophages. M. avium serovar 8 was predominant among the isolates studied. Different amounts and exposure of mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) and glycopeptidolipids (GPLs), both major mycobacterial virulence factors, were found among the isolates studied. Reference clinical isolate 104 serovar 1 and clinical isolates 11 and 14 serovar 8 showed an increased association with macrophages. Serum opsonization increased the cell association and survival at 2 h post infection for all isolates. However, only the clinical isolates 104 and 3 among those tested showed an increased growth in primary human macrophages. The other isolates varied in their survival in these cells. Thus we conclude that the amounts of cell envelope ManLAM and GPL, as well as GPL serovar specificity are not the only important bacterial factors for dictating the early interactions of M. avium with human macrophages.

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Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of Mycobacterium avium complex isolates recovered from southern California

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria

Shared Mycobacterium avium Genotypes Observed among Unlinked Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Characterization of Clinical and Environmental Mycobacterium avium Spp. Isolates and Their Interaction with Human Macrophages

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