Amplification Reduction in Fiber Amplifiers Due to Up-Conversion at Er3+-Concentrations Below 1000 ppm.

Abstract

One of the key parameters for optimizing erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) is the Er3+-concentration profile. Below the concentration for onset of component clustering, up-conversion may play a significant role [1]. Recent experiments have shown that up-conversion is a considerable deteriorating mechanism even below an erbium concentration of 1000 ppm by weight