Amplification of the secretory IgA response to Toxoplasma gondii using cholera toxin

Abstract

Our study demonstrates that cholera toxin (CT) markedly enhances the intestinal anti-T. gondii antibody response following oral immunisation of mice with a T. gondii sonicate (TSo) and CT. The antibodies induced were mostly IgA and secretory IgA but a small quantity of IgG was also produced. In contrast, no intestinal anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were detected. Anti-CT IgA antibodies were also present in intestinal secretions but in much lower quantities than the T. gondii-specific IgA. No anti-CT IgG nor IgM antibodies were detected. Western blot analysis showed that CT induced not only an increase of the intensity of the intestinal IgA antibody response to the 30-kDa band but also induced intestinal IgA antibodies against other major T. gondii proteins (p22, and the 28-kDa antigen) as recognised by specific monoclonal antibodies. The amplification of the anti-T. gondii secretory IgA response by means of an appropriate adjuvant may be one major step leading towards an orally induced immune protection against toxoplasmosis.

Intranasal Immunization with Gonococcal Outer Membrane Preparations Reduces the Duration of Vaginal Colonization of Mice byNeisseria gonorrhoeae

“…It is presently unknown whether adherence mediated by these factors is host-restricted. Indeed, high levels of IgA, an immunoglobulin isotype often invoked as a prime effector of mucosal immunity [42][43][44], were detected in vaginal wash fluids collected from OM-immunized mice. It was reported that the gonococci produced a protease that specifically cleaved human IgA1 into Fab and Fc fragments.…”

Mucosal Adjuvants

“…Representative examples of antigens delivered with CT include tetanus toxoid Xu-Amano et al, 1994;Marinaro et al, 1995), Helicobacter pylori urease (Saldinger et al, 1998;Pappo et al, 1995), pneumococcal polysaccharide or surface proteins (Yamamoto et al, 1997a;Vancott et al, 1996), Haemophilus influenzae lipooligosaccharide (Hong et al, 2010), inactivated influenza virus (Bergmann and Waldman, 1988), Candida albicans (De Bernardis et al, 2002), and Eh29 antigen from Entameba histolytica (Carrero et al, 2010). CT-adjuvanted vaccines potentiate antigen-specific S-IgA, serum IgG, IgM, IgE, and cellular responses (Bourguin et al, 1991;Xu-Amano et al, 1993;Tanaka et al, 2007;Hodge et al, 2001;Nurkkala et al, 2010;Vendetti et al, 2009). The molecular events and immunological actions presumed to induce these responses are described later in this chapter.…”

Immunodulation of Rat Serum and Mucosal Antibody Responses to Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites by β-1,3-Glucan and Cholera Toxin

“…Isotypes and average (ϮSD) levels of antiamebic antibodies were determined as in Fig. 2. amebal antigen, as reported before for several soluble proteins (13,(27)(28)(29).…”