[Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ (phen =
1,10-phenanthroline, dppz = dipyridophenazine) and closely
related complexes
have previously been observed to have an undetectably small quantum
yield of photoluminescence in water but a
moderate emission yield when bound to DNA. This so-called
“light-switch” effect is a critical factor in the
utility
of these complexes as spectroscopic probes for DNA. Here we
describe a detailed investigation of the photophysics
of [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ in aqueous
solution, and in mixtures of acetonitrile and water, by time-resolved
absorption
and emission spectroscopies. The emission of the complex in water
has been measured for the first time. A prompt
initial emission, derived from a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT)
excited state typical for polypyridyl−ruthenium
complexes, is observed along with a delayed emission attributed to a
novel MLCT species. The small quantum
yield of photoluminescence for
[Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ in water, and in
water/acetonitrile, depends upon efficient formation
of a novel MLCT species, followed by its rapid radiationless decay.
The MLCT interconversion is assigned to an
intramolecular charge-transfer process that is induced by the polarity
and proton donating ability of the solvent.