Amplification‐Free Multi‐RNA‐Type Profiling for Cancer Risk Stratification via Alternating Current Electrohydrodynamic Nanomixing

Abstract

Simultaneous analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-multi-RNA-type profiling-is increasingly crucial in cancer diagnostics. Yet, rapid multi-RNA-type profiling is challenging due to enzymatic amplification reliance and RNA-type-dependent characteristics. Here, a nanodevice is reported to uniquely use alterable alternating current electrohydrodynamic (ac-EHD) forces to enhance probe-target hybridization prior to direct native RNA target detection, without target amplification or surface functionalization. To exemplify clinical applicability, noninvasive screening of next-generation prostate cancer (PCa) RNA biomarkers (of different types) in patient urine samples is performed. A strong correlation between multi-RNA-type expression and aggressive PCa is found, and the nanodevice performance is statistically evaluated. It is believed that this miniaturized system exhibits great potential for cancer risk stratification via multi-RNA-type profiling.

The Potential Therapeutic Role of miR-223 in Bovine Endometritis by Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome

“…miRNAs are implicated in various biological processes and ae believed to be useful as diagnostic markers of multiple forms of inflammatory diseases and cancer ( 28 , 29 ). Hailemariam and Salilew-Wondim et al revealed a large number of miRNA profiles associated with clinical and/or subclinical endometritis of dairy cows by RNA-seq technology ( 17 , 30 ), suggesting that miRNAs also play an important role in endometritis in cattle.…”

The Growing Impact of Micro/Nanomaterial‐Based Systems in Precision Oncology: Translating “Multiomics” Technologies

“…Koo et al have showcased a nanodevice with custom-fabricated gold microelectrode structures for postcancer treatment monitoring via multi-RNA-type profiling. [136] The microelectrode structures engendered fluidic manipulation for enhanced probe-RNA target hybridization and electrochemical detection.…”

“…En-route to realizing multiomics cancer signature systems, micro/nanomaterial-based systems will need to evolve from the aforementioned studies (on intra/interspecies biomarker analysis) toward possessing an integrative capture and analysis capability for multispecies cancer biomarkers. To this end, a myriad of current studies within the last five years [11b,22,111,131,147] have detailed advances in micro/ nanomaterial-based systems which captured CTCs/EVs based • Engineered gold nanohole-based AiN substrates for high-throughput plasmonic enhancement [141] • Asymmetrical gold microelectrodes to create fluidic movement [136] Intermolecular species…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [136] Copyright 2018, Wiley-VCH. c) Single-cell mRNA cytometry, a cell analysis method that used two classes of magnetic particles to selectively hybridize with different regions of target mRNA to enable isolation of rare CTCs.…”

Tracking antigen specific T-cells: Technological advancement and limitations

“…Advancement in microfabrication technologies and different surface modification approaches has enabled researchers to develop micro-and nano-biosensors that act as biointerfaces to detect and characterize rare cells and other biomolecules from biological samples (Dey et al, 2016;Kamil Reza et al, 2017;Koo et al, 2018;Shiddiky et al, 2014;Vaidyanathan et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2015). There are now several miniaturized platforms reported for T-cell analysis that allow direct isolation of targets by antigen-antibody interactions or by trapping in microwells, which facilitate the assessment of T-cell morphology and their secretion patterns over time.…”