Ampicillin pharmacokinetics in swine following needle‐free, intramuscular, and intravenous administration

Abstract

A cross-over study design was used to determine the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in swine. Each of eight pigs was subjected to all of the following three treatments: (1) intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 17.6 mg/kg of ampicillin trihydrate; (2) injection of a mean dose of 17.6 mg/kg of ampicillin trihydrate using a needle-free (NF) injection device; and (3) intravenous injection of 17.6 mg/kg of sodium ampicillin administered as a bolus. Ampicillin trihydrate administered by NF injection in this study was not statistically different from i.m. injection as measured by AUC(0-infinity), MRT, MAT, or Cmax. However, the 90% confidence limits about the difference in NF to i.m. mean Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) values, expressed relative to the i.m. treatment mean, exceeded the traditional bioequivalence limits of +/-20%. In part, failure to demonstrate bioequivalence was attributable to small study size and the large within-subject variability associated with this drug. Therefore the power of this study was not sufficient to definitively prove or disprove bioequivalence and additional studies to describe appropriate dosage regimens for ampicillin trihydrate when administered by NF injection to pigs are warranted.

Modeling the growth dynamics of multiple Escherichia coli strains in the pig intestine following intramuscular ampicillin treatment

“…The mean plasma concentrations of ampicillin after IM treatment in pigs was taken from the literature [36]. A two-compartmental PK model was fitted to the values of the plasma concentration and time profile to estimate the transfer rates between two compartments.…”

Multistrain models predict sequential multidrug treatment strategies to result in less antimicrobial resistance than combination treatment

“…Data for the changing plasma concentrations following IM treatment of tetracycline and ampicillin in pigs were obtained from literature [ 16 , 17 ]. Data were fitted to a two-compartmental model to estimate absorption, distribution and elimination rates for each of two drugs (data not shown).…”

Analysis of procaine penicillin G and ampicillin trihydrate residue depletion profiles in tissues and alternative matrices of cull sows

“…When compared to sheep and cattle, the confidence interval for both the Cmax and the AUC was greater in swine, due to individual animal variation in swine (Martinez et al, 2001). x ug/mL, a Cmax of 7.39 (±0.90) μg/mL, and a tmax of 1.0 (±0.5) hours were reported (Apley et al, 2007). When the dose of 6.6 mg/kg used in Martinez et al was extrapolated to the parameters used in this study according to dose proportionality, a consistency of pharmacokinetic parameters was observed between the two studies (Apley et al, 2007).…”

“…x ug/mL, a Cmax of 7.39 (±0.90) μg/mL, and a tmax of 1.0 (±0.5) hours were reported (Apley et al, 2007). When the dose of 6.6 mg/kg used in Martinez et al was extrapolated to the parameters used in this study according to dose proportionality, a consistency of pharmacokinetic parameters was observed between the two studies (Apley et al, 2007).…”

“…provided pharmacokinetic parameters after a singular intramuscular injection of 6.6 mg/kg dose of ampicillin trihydrate (100 mg/mL aqueous suspension) to six mature pigs Apley et al (2007). investigated a single intramuscular injection of a 17.6 mg/kg dose of ampicillin trihydrate to 21 day old pigs and derived similar pharmacokinetic parameters.…”