Amphotericin B resistance leads to enhanced proteinase and phospholipase activity and reduced germ tube formation in Candida albicans

Kumar, Rishikesh; Shukla, P.K.

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2009.12.003

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Studies on planktonically grown Candida albicans have shown correlation between high activity of each of phosphospholipase as well as proteinase and resistance to antifungal drugs (Kumar and Shukla, 2010;Ying and Chunyang, 2012). Nevertheless, the present study showed absence of resistance of planktonically grown Candida isolates towards both antifungals.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Resistant virulent Candida species colonizing preterm neonates and in vitro promising prospect of chlorhexidine gluconate

Wali¹,

Bassyouni²,

El-Seidi³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The present study aimed to investigate the potential virulence factors and antifungal resistance of 31 Candida albicans and 21 non-albicans Candida isolates colonizing preterm neonates. The study also compared the susceptibility results with the in vitro activity of chlorhexidine in the eradication of Candida colonization. Candida albicans produced significantly more phospholipase and coagulase than non-albicans Candida, whereas proteinase production was higher in non-albicans Candida. Biofilm production was demonstrated in Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida (P = 0.214). None of the planktonic growth of Candida isolates were resistant to either fluconazole or amphotericin B, whereas 40% and 84% Candida isolates grown as biofilm became resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B, respectively. Both coagulase and phospholipase production strongly correlated with the resistance of sessile Candida isolates to amphotericin B (P < 0.001). Whereas both proteinase and phospholipase correlated with the resistance of in vitro Candida biofilms to fluconazole (P < 0.05 and P = 0.001; respectively). Chlorhexidine was comparable to fluconazole towards planktonic and sessile grown Candida isolates. In conclusion, the study demonstrated an association between certain virulence factors and the development of biofilm drug resistance and highlighted the value of chlorhexidine as a promising prospect in the eradication of Candida colonization.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Resistant virulent Candida species colonizing preterm neonates and in vitro promising prospect of chlorhexidine gluconate

Wali¹,

Bassyouni²,

El-Seidi³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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show abstract

“…Contrariwise to previous members of the polyene group, fungicidal in its nature amphotericin B (AMB) was long considered as the gold standard in antifungal therapy [30, 31]. Currently, this antifungal agent is used in treatment of infections caused by such pathogens as Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Cryptococcus spp., Mucor spp., Rhizopus spp., Trichosporon spp., Scedosporium spp.…”

Section: Polyenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal agents commonly used in the superficial and mucosal candidiasis treatment: mode of action and resistance development

Bondaryk¹,

Kurzątkowski²,

Staniszewska³

2013

pdia

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Recent progress in medical sciences and therapy resulted in an increased number of immunocompromised individuals. Candida albicans is the leading opportunistic fungal pathogen causing infections in humans, ranging from superficial mucosal lesions to disseminated or bloodstream candidiasis. Superficial candidiasis not always presents a risk to the life of the infected host, however it significantly lowers the quality of life. Superficial Candida infections are difficult to treat and their frequency of occurrence is currently rising. To implement successful treatment doctors should be up to date with better understanding of C. albicans resistance mechanisms. Despite high frequency of Candida infections there is a limited number of antimycotics available for therapy. This review focuses on current understanding of the mode of action and resistance mechanisms to conventional and emerging antifungal agents for treatment of superficial and mucosal candidiasis.

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“…Most of the studies included in this review observed an increased expression of Sap in resistant isolates in the presence of sub‐MIC concentrations of antifungal agents . However, in a study by Copping et al .…”

Section: Antifungal Therapy and Its Relation With The Production And mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Kumar et al . indicate that the proteolytic activity of Sap is more intense in Candida spp. isolates resistant to amphotericin B than in those susceptible to the drug.…”

Section: Antifungal Therapy and Its Relation With The Production And mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Aspartic proteinases of Candida spp.: role in pathogenicity and antifungal resistance

Silva

Nery

Dias

2013

Mycoses

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Fungal infections represent a serious health risk as they are particularly prevalent in immunocompromised individuals. Candida spp. pathogenicity depends on several factors and secreted aspartic proteinases (Sap) are considered one of the most critical factors as they are associated with adhesion, invasion and tissue damage. The production of proteinases is encoded by a family of 10 genes known as SAP, which are distributed differently among the species. The expression of these genes may be influenced by environmental conditions, which generally result in a higher fungal invasive potential. Non-pathogenic Candida spp. usually have fewer SAP genes, which are not necessarily expressed in the genome. Exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of antifungal agents promotes the development of resistant strains with an increased expression of SAP genes. In general, Candida spp. isolates that are resistant to antifungals show a higher secretion of Sap than the susceptible isolates. The relationship between Sap secretion and the susceptibility profile of the isolates is of great interest, although the role of SAPs in the development of resistance to antifungal agents remains still unclear. This review is the first one to address these issues.

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Amphotericin B resistance leads to enhanced proteinase and phospholipase activity and reduced germ tube formation in Candida albicans

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Resistant virulent Candida species colonizing preterm neonates and in vitro promising prospect of chlorhexidine gluconate

Resistant virulent Candida species colonizing preterm neonates and in vitro promising prospect of chlorhexidine gluconate

Antifungal agents commonly used in the superficial and mucosal candidiasis treatment: mode of action and resistance development

Aspartic proteinases of Candida spp.: role in pathogenicity and antifungal resistance

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