Amphotericin B-loaded nanoparticles for local treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Development of dextrin-amphotericin B formulations for the treatment of Leishmaniasis

“…Similarly to our work, Mehenni et al [35] produced in a spray dryer a poly-γ-cyclodextrin-based AmB microspheres with a drug content of 13.72%. Even in works reporting AmB encapsulation in nanoparticles, the drug content and/or association efficiency are in some cases slightly superior or comparable to our results [34,47,53,54,57,58].…”

“…Table 1 shows that the produced material is polydisperse, presenting a wide size distribution. The size of the nanocomplexes may be considered safe both for intralesional or intravenous injection, since capillary blockage and embolism is only promoted by particles with size N5 μm [32]; it has been reported that Fungizone®, which consist of particles with a mean size of 3310 nm [33], can be applied without any harmful effects [34].…”

“…Amphotericin B is active against both the extracellular promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms promoting the formation of ionic transmembrane channels, by the interaction with membrane ergosterol, leading to parasite death [9,34]. In this study, the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of AmB and Dex-AmB nanocomplexes was determined 24 h following exposure of L. infantum and L. amazonensis promastigotes or BMMΦ infected with L. infantum amastigotes to different concentrations of the above referred material.…”

Topical Amphotericin B Semisolid Dosage Form for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Physicochemical Characterization, Ex Vivo Skin Permeation and Biological Activity

“…There are three main forms of the disease and the manifestations depend on the infecting species, the immunological system of the patient and the area of inoculation [2,3]. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the most common form, can appear as single or multiple skin lesions, starting as a papule and potentially evolving into an ulcer; mucocutaneous leishmaniasis involves the destruction of mucous membranes; and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a fatal form affecting internal organs [4]. In the Mediterranean area, Leishmania infantum is the main causal agent of VL and CL [5], and particularly in Spain, L. infantum is the responsible for the endemic CL cases [6,7].…”

“…In the last five years, research directed to improve delivery systems for the treatment of leishmaniasis has focused considerable attention on AmB as an active component [14], mainly using a parenteral administration approach. PLGA polymeric nanoparticles have been studied for intralesional and intravenous administration of AmB [4,15], as well as diverse emulsions and micelle formulations for intravenous use [16,17]. Considerable research is also being directed into the development of oral or topical formulations, as they imply greater patient compliance and fewer side effects.…”