Amphora algae with low‐level ionizing radiation exposure ameliorate D‐galactosamine‐induced inflammatory impairment in rat kidney

Abstract

d‐Galactosamine (d‐GalN) is a well‐known toxin that causes many metabolic and morphological abnormalities resulting in advanced renal failure and liver damage. Occupational exposure to low‐level ionizing radiation (<1 Gy) was shown to enhance cell protection via attenuating an established inflammatory process. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate the protective impact of Amphora coffaeiformis extract and low dose gamma radiation against d‐GalN induced renal damage in rats. Forty‐eight adult male Swiss albino rats were distributed equally into eight groups. The measurements included antioxidants activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) as well as lipid peroxidation level in kidney tissue. Also, kidney function tests and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells) were measured. Additionally, relative quantification of kidney nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) gene was estimated. Histopathological examination was also performed in kidney tissue. The results revealed decreases in antioxidant activities and downregulation of Nrf‐2 expression accompanied by increases in lipid peroxidation level, kidney function tests and inflammatory markers in d‐GaIN group. The treatment with Amphora algal extract and low dose gamma radiation ameliorated the previous measurements which were harmony with histopathological findings. In conclusion, A coffaeiformis extract and low dose gamma radiation provided marked functional and histological effects in the treating acute renal damage induced by d‐GalN in rats.

Radiotherapy Advances in Renal Disease—Focus on Renal Ischemic Preconditioning

“…The results revealed increases in antioxidant activities and decreases in inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Additionally, this treatment was associated with an upregulation of Nrf-2 gene expression, which relates to the prevention of oxidative stress, and decreased lipid peroxidation levels, which were concordant with histopathological findings following the irradiation therapy [39]. In an experimental model of crescentic nephritis in rats [38], the overexpression of active caspases 3 and 7, elevation in the TUNEL assay, and decrease in PCNA were noted after local, bilateral irradiation treatment.…”

Nrf2 and NF‐қB interplay in tamoxifen‐induced hepatic toxicity: A promising therapeutic approach of sildenafil and low‐dose γ radiation

“…NF-κB can directly boost Nrf2 transcription. 35,36 It is worthy of note that ROS decline observed after treatment with sildenafil look like what is described for recognized antioxidants, including N-acetylcysteine, reduced glutathione and catalase. 16,37 These data support our assumption that sildenafil has a protecting effect against apoptosis in liver cells through oxidative stress.…”

“…Furthermore, there is crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF‐κB in the nucleus. NF‐κB can directly boost Nrf2 transcription 35,36 …”