Two new macrolides, iriomoteolides-10a (1) and -12a (2), have been isolated from a marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp. (KCA09053 strain), and their structures were elucidated on the basis of a detailed two dimensional (2D)-NMR analysis. Compound 1 is a novel 21-membered Amphidinium macrolide, which contains one tetrahydrofuran ring, two ketone carbonyls, two hydroxyl groups, and six one-carbon branches. Compound 2 is a new 12-membered macrolide related to amphidinolide Q. Compound 1 exhibited cytotoxic activity against human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa and murine hepatocellular carcinoma MH134 cells. respectively, from the marine benthic dinoflagellate Amphidinium species (KCA09053 and HYA024 strains, respectively). Further investigation of the cytotoxic fractions of KCA09053 strain led to the discovery of the first 21-membered Amphidinium macrolide, iriomoteolide-10a (1), together with a new 12-membered macrolide, iriomoteolide-12a (2) (Fig. 1). Herein, we describe the isolation and structural elucidation of 1 and 2.
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Results and DiscussionThe dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp. (strain KCA09053) was cultivated at 25°C for 2 weeks in seawater medium under illumination. The algal cells were extracted with methanol (MeOH)-toluene (3 : 1). The toluene-soluble materials of the extract were subjected to cytotoxic assay-guided fractionation using a silica gel column with chloroform (CHCl 3 )-MeOH. One of the cytotoxic fractions was separated with an octadecylsilyl (ODS) column followed by reversed-phase HPLC to afford iriomoteolide-10a (1, 0.069% from dry weight). On the other hand, iriomoteolide-12a (2) was obtained from the less polar fraction of the first silica gel column chromatography (CC) in 0.016% yield. Known macrolides, iriomoteolides-1a, 8) -3a, 9) and -13a, 6) have been separated by the first SiO 2 gel column from a more polar fraction than those containing 1 and 2.Iriomoteolide-10a (1) was obtained as optically active and colorless amorphous solid, and the molecular formula of (Table 1) showed the 35 carbon resonances, and their chemical shifts and multiplicities assigned by heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) and CH 2 -selected heteronuclear single quantum coherence