Amphipods in the Surf Plankton

Dense lawns of tube worms modify their immediate environment. They alter sediment properties, offer refuge from predation and provide a settlement surface for larvae and small organisms. The terebellid polychaete Lanice conchilega is among the tube dwellers that, when present at high densities, alter the community structure of other benthic fauna. However, L. conchilega often occurs individually or at low densities over large areas, and it is not known whether single tubes also affect the surrounding fauna. In this study a low density population of L. conchilega (15.7 ± 15.6 m -2

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tube worms promote community change

Callaway¹

2006

“…Up to now relatively few studies have taken into consideration which benthic life stages of each species are most susceptible to passive transport by waves and currents with seasonally varylng intensities (e.g. Matthiessen 1960, Edwards 1969, Fincham 1970, Reise 1981, Brown 1982, Thompson 1982, Mukai et al 1986). Since the seasonal occurrence of gentle waves in summer and heavy ones in winter is a general phenomenon found in many temperate-zone intertidal sand flats (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly in habitats affected by strong waves and/or currents, the importance of the role of passive transport has been recognized in determining the distributions of several macrofaunal species such as molluscs (Matthiessen 1960, Gilbert 1968, Edwards 1969, Thompson 1982, Donn et al 1986), polychaetes (Dales 1952, Reise 1981, Brown 1982, McDermott 1983, peracarid crustaceans (Fincham 1970, Grant 1980 and an echinoderm (Mukai et al 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of resistivity to transport by wave action in several polychaete species on an intertidal sand flat

Tamaki¹

1987

Passive transport by waves and tidal inflow currents was examined as one of the physical factors determining the distribution of adults of 5 polychaete species -Armandia sp. (family Opheludae), S p~o filicornis (Miiller) (fam. Spionidae), Rhynchospio glutaea (Ehlers) (fam. Spionidae), Nephtys polybranchia Southern (fam. Nephtyldae), Scoloplos uschakovi Wu (fam. Orbiniidae) -inhabiting an intertidal sand flat in west Kyushu, Japan. On the tidal flat, the year can be divided into 2 periods due to seasonally changing wind direction: a period of large waves from autumn to spring and a calm period during summer. A significant landward shift of the adult distribution center was observed only for the overwintering population of Armandia sp.; this could be ascribed to passive transport of individuals by large incoming waves based on the results of a trapping experiment in the field. Armandia's shallow-dwelling position below the sediment-water interface (within 1 cm), inability to adhere to large materials, and habit of curling up in a circle when disturbed by waves are considered to be the main causes of its susceptibility to large waves. Adults of Spio filicornis, R. glutaea and N. polybranchia can reach the deeper layers in the sediment (5 to 10 cm), and may hence be less affected by wave action. This also applies to S. schakovi adults, but even juveniles of this species, w h c h occur in the shallow layers of the sediment (withln 1.4 cm), were resistant to wave disturbance. One reason may be that their windinq abdomen acts as an anchor in the sediment.

“…Hatching occurs 2 to 3 wk after spawning (Frank & Leggett 1981). The amphipod Calliopius laeviusculus is an epibenthic tidal migrant (Fincham 1970, Daag 1976, Hudon 1983). We typically found C. laeviusculus at a water depth of 0.5 to 2 m along capelin spawning beaches.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional response and potential impact of invertebrate predators on benthic fish eggs: analysis of the Calliopius laeviusculus-capeWn (Mallotus villosus) predator-prey system

DeBlois¹,

Leggett²

1991

We studied predation by a hdal migrant, Calliopius laewusculus (Amphlpoda Gammaridea) on the eggs of beach-spawnlng capelln Mallotus vlllosus Handling tlme d~d not constran predation Attack rate m e d~a t e d by search bme and gut fullness and assessed here through funchonal response tnals and gut f~n g / c l e a r a n c e rate experiments determined the magnitude of predation on capelin eggs The relationsh~p between egg density and egg consumption was slgmoid Compensatory mortality occurred over an egg density range of ca 1 to 3 eggs cm-3 At these low egg densties compensatory mortality should only have a small stabilizing Influence on capelin egg surv~val At hlgher egg densities, attack rate declined with egg density Sat~ation occurred at ca 11 eggs amphipod-' At surplus egg density gut f l l h g rate expenments showed that satiation is possible wlthln 2 h and functional response tnals indicated that average egg densihes found in sltu (40 egg cm-') are sufficiently high to allow sahatlon withn thls time penod Gut clearance requued 36 h T~d a l perlodiclty should not constrain amphlpod predation on capehn eggs We suggest that predation by C laev~usculus on the intert~dal eggs of capelln can have an important influence on egg abundance We calculated that C laeviusculus could consume roughly 39 % of capelin egg production We speculate that predation by gammands and other invertebrates on subtidal fish eggs should be higher owing to longer e g g development tlmes and therefore exposure to predation which occur at lower incubation temperatures in deeper water Predation by small invertebrates on demersal f~s h eggs may therefore be an Important regulator of population size in many manne fish specles